.mq-root-block, .mq-math-mode .mq-root-block {
  .inline-block;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 2px;
  .box-sizing(border-box); // supported by IE8+: http://caniuse.com/css3-boxsizing
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.mq-math-mode {
  font-variant: normal;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 115%;
  line-height: 1;

  .inline-block;
  .mq-non-leaf, .mq-scaled {
    .inline-block;
  }

  // TODO: dasherize non-symbola
  var, .mq-text-mode, .mq-nonSymbola {
    font-family: @times;
    line-height: .9;
  }

  * {
    font-size: inherit;
    line-height: inherit;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    border-color: black;
    .user-select(none);
    box-sizing: border-box;
  }

  // TODO: what's the difference between these?
  .mq-empty {
    background: #ccc;
    &.mq-root-block {
      background: transparent;
    }
  }

  &.mq-empty {
    background: transparent;
  }


  .mq-text-mode {
    display: inline-block;
    white-space: pre;  
  }

  .mq-text-mode.mq-hasCursor {
    box-shadow: inset darkgray 0 .1em .2em;
    padding: 0 .1em;
    margin: 0 -.1em;

    min-width: 1ex;
  }

  .mq-font {
    font: 1em @times;

    * {
      font-family: inherit;
      font-style: inherit;
    }
  }

  // TODO [Han]: Why do we have to special-case .font?
  b, b.mq-font {
    font-weight: bolder;
  }

  var, i, i.mq-font {
    font-style: italic;
  }

  var.mq-f {
    margin-right: 0.2em;
    margin-left: 0.1em;
  }

  .mq-roman var.mq-f {
    margin: 0;
  }

  big {
    font-size: 200%;
  }

  .mq-int {
    > big {
      display: inline-block;
      .transform(scaleX(.7));
      vertical-align: -.16em;
    }

    > .mq-supsub {
      font-size: 80%;
      vertical-align: -1.1em;
      padding-right: .2em;

      > .mq-sup > .mq-sup-inner {
        vertical-align: 1.3em;
      }

      > .mq-sub {
        margin-left: -.35em;
      }
    }
  }

  .mq-roman {
    font-style: normal;
  }

  .mq-sans-serif {
    font-family: sans-serif, Symbola, serif;
  }

  .mq-monospace {
    font-family: monospace, Symbola, serif;
  }

  .mq-overline {
    border-top: 1px solid black;
    margin-top: 1px;
  }
  .mq-underline {
    border-bottom: 1px solid black;
    margin-bottom: 1px;
  }

  ////
  // operators
  @operator-padding: 0.2em;

  .mq-binary-operator {
    padding: 0 @operator-padding;
    .inline-block;
  }

  ////
  // ^, _
  // sup/sub
  // TODO: try http://jsbin.com/gabunebe/3/edit instead
  //   obsoletes the &nbsp; in HTML template, but needs cross-browser
  //   testing. Should also make the superscript shrink to the size of
  //   its contents, rather than always being as wide as the subscript.
  //   See also .fraction
  .mq-supsub {
    text-align: left;
    font-size: 90%;
    vertical-align: -.5em;

    &.mq-sup-only {
      vertical-align: .5em;

      .mq-sup {
        display: inline-block;
        vertical-align: text-bottom;
      }
    }

    .mq-sup {
      display: block;
    }

    .mq-sub {
      display: block;
      float: left;
    }

    .mq-binary-operator {
      padding: 0 .1em;
    }

    // special styles for fractions
    // within sup/sub.
    .mq-fraction {
      font-size: 70%;
    }
  }

  sup.mq-nthroot {
    font-size: 80%;
    vertical-align: 0.8em;
    margin-right: -.6em;
    margin-left: .2em;
    min-width: .5em;
  }

  ////
  // parentheses
  .mq-paren {
    padding: 0 .1em;
    vertical-align: top;
    -webkit-transform-origin: center .06em;
    -moz-transform-origin: center .06em;
    -ms-transform-origin: center .06em;
    -o-transform-origin: center .06em;
    transform-origin: center .06em;

    &.mq-ghost { color: silver; }

    + span {
      margin-top: .1em;
      margin-bottom: .1em;
    }
  }

  .mq-array {
    vertical-align: middle;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .mq-array > span {
    display: block;
  }

  ////
  // non-italicized operator names
  // like \sin, \cos, \ln, etc.
  .mq-operator-name {
    font-family: Symbola, "Times New Roman", serif;
    line-height: .9;
    font-style: normal;
  }
  var.mq-operator-name.mq-first {
    padding-left: .2em;
  }
  var.mq-operator-name.mq-last, .mq-supsub.mq-after-operator-name {
    padding-right: .2em;
  }

  ////
  // \frac
  // fractions
  // TODO: try http://jsbin.com/gabunebe/4/edit instead
  //   obsoletes the &nbsp; in HTML template, but needs cross-browser
  //   testing. See also .supsub
  .mq-fraction {
    font-size: 90%;
    text-align: center;
    vertical-align: -.4em;
    padding: 0 .2em;
  }

  // Firefox 2 (and older?) only
  // because display:inline-block is FUBAR in Gecko < 1.9.0
  .mq-fraction, .mq-large-operator, x:-moz-any-link {
    display: -moz-groupbox;
  }

  // Firefox 3+ (Gecko 1.9.0+)
  .mq-fraction, .mq-large-operator, x:-moz-any-link, x:default {
    display: inline-block;
  }

  .mq-numerator, .mq-denominator, .mq-dot-recurring {
    display: block;
  }

  .mq-numerator {
    padding: 0 0.1em;
  }

  .mq-denominator {
    border-top: 1px solid;
    float: right; // take out of normal flow to manipulate baseline
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.1em;
  }

  .mq-dot-recurring {
    text-align: center;
    height: 0.3em;
  }

  ////
  // \sqrt
  // square roots
  .mq-sqrt-prefix {
    padding-top: 0;
    position: relative;
    top: 0.1em;
    vertical-align: top;
    .transform-origin(top);
  }

  .mq-sqrt-stem {
    border-top: 1px solid;
    margin-top: 1px;
    padding-left: .15em;
    padding-right: .2em;
    margin-right: .1em;
    padding-top: 1px;
  }

  .mq-diacritic-above {
    display: block;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: .4em;
  }

  .mq-diacritic-stem {
    display: block;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .mq-hat-prefix {
    display: block;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: .95em;
    margin-bottom: -.7em;
    transform: scaleX(1.5);
    -moz-transform: scaleX(1.5);
    -o-transform: scaleX(1.5);
    -webkit-transform: scaleX(1.5);
  }

  .mq-hat-stem {
    display: block;
  }

  .mq-large-operator {
    vertical-align: -.2em;
    padding: .2em;
    text-align: center;

    .mq-from, big, .mq-to  {
      display: block;
    }
    .mq-from, .mq-to  {
      font-size: 80%;
    }
    .mq-from {
      float: right; /* take out of normal flow to manipulate baseline */
      width: 100%;
    }
  }


  &, .mq-editable-field {
    cursor: text;
    font-family: @symbola;
  }

  .mq-overarrow {
    border-top: 1px solid black;
    margin-top: 1px;
    padding-top: 0.2em;

    &:before {
      display: block;
      position: relative;
      top: -0.34em;
      font-size: 0.5em;
      line-height: 0em;
      content: '\27A4';
      text-align: right;
    }
    &.mq-arrow-left:before {
      -moz-transform: scaleX(-1);
      -o-transform: scaleX(-1);
      -webkit-transform: scaleX(-1);
      transform: scaleX(-1);
      filter: FlipH;
      -ms-filter: "FlipH";
    }
  }

  .mq-matrix {
    vertical-align: middle;
    margin-left: 0.1em;
    margin-right: 0.1em;

    table {
      width: auto;
      border-bottom: none;
      border-spacing: 3px;
      border-collapse: separate;
      &.mq-rows-1 { /* better alignment when there's just one row */
        vertical-align: middle;
        margin-bottom: 1px;
      }
    }

    td {
      border: none;
      width: auto; /* defensive resets */
      padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
      vertical-align: baseline;
    }
  }

}