| ############################################################################### |
| # BRLTTY - A background process providing access to the console screen (when in |
| # text mode) for a blind person using a refreshable braille display. |
| # |
| # Copyright (C) 1995-2023 by The BRLTTY Developers. |
| # |
| # BRLTTY comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. |
| # |
| # This is free software, placed under the terms of the |
| # GNU Lesser General Public License, as published by the Free Software |
| # Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any |
| # later version. Please see the file LICENSE-LGPL for details. |
| # |
| # Web Page: http://brltty.app/ |
| # |
| # This software is maintained by Dave Mielke <dave@mielke.cc>. |
| ############################################################################### |
| |
| # BRLTTY Contraction Table - International Phonetic Alphabet |
| # |
| # Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org> |
| # |
| # This is based on the ICEB Braille IPA Draft Table, Nov. 3, 2005 |
| |
| # Typographic Description IPA No Articulatory Description |
| # consonants |
| always p 1234 # lowercase p 101 voiceless bilabial plosive |
| always b 12 # lowercase b 102 voiced bilabial plosive |
| always t 2345 # lowercase t 103 voiceless alveolar plosive |
| always d 145 # lowercase d 104 voiced alveolar plosive |
| always ʈ 256-2345 # right-tail t 105 voiceless retroflex plosive |
| always ɖ 256-145 # right-tail d 106 voiced retroflex plosive |
| always c 14 # lowercase c 107 voiceless palatal plosive |
| always ɟ 35-245 # barred dotless j 108 voiced palatal plosive |
| always k 13 # lowercase k 109 voiceless velar plosive |
| always ɡ 1245 # lowercase script g 110 voiced velar plosive |
| always g 1245 # lowercase g 110 voiced velar plosive (alt. glyph) |
| always q 12345 # lowercase q 111 voiceless uvular plosive |
| always ɢ 35-1245 # small capital g 112 voiced uvular plosive |
| always ʔ 23 # glottal stop 113 glottal plosive |
| always m 134 # lowercase m 114 voiced bilabial nasal |
| always ɱ 235-134 # left-tail m (at right) 115 voiced labiodental nasal |
| always n 1345 # lowercase n 116 voiced alveolar nasal |
| always ɳ 256-1345 # right-tail n 117 voiced retroflex nasal |
| always ɲ 123456 # left-tail n (at left) 118 voiced palatal nasal |
| always ŋ 1246 # eng 119 voiced velar nasal |
| always ɴ 35-1345 # small capital n 120 voiced uvular nasal |
| always ʙ 35-12 # small capital b 121 voiced bilabial trill |
| always r 1235 # lowercase r 122 voiced alveolar trill |
| always ʀ 35-1235 # small capital r 123 voiced uvular trill |
| # 235-1236 # right-hook v labiodental flap |
| always ɾ 235-1235 # fish-hook r 124 voiced alveolar tap |
| always ɽ 256-1235 # right-tail r 125 voiced retroflex flap |
| always ɸ 46-124 # phi 126 voiceless bilabial fricative |
| always β 46-12 # beta 127 voiced bilabial fricative |
| always f 124 # lowercase f 128 voiceless labiodental fricative |
| always v 1236 # lowercase v 129 voiced labiodental fricative |
| always θ 46-1456 # theta 130 voiceless dental fricative |
| always ð 12456 # edh 131 voiced dental fricative |
| always s 234 # lowercase s 132 voiceless alveolar fricative |
| always z 1356 # lowercase z 133 voiced alveolar fricative |
| always ʃ 156 # esh 134 voiceless postalveolar fricative |
| always ʒ 2346 # yogh 135 voiced postalveolar fricative |
| always ʂ 256-234 # right-tail s (at left) 136 voiceless retroflex fricative |
| always ʐ 256-1356 # right-tail z 137 voiced retroflex fricative |
| always ç 235-14 # c cedilla 138 voiceless palatal fricative |
| always ʝ 236-245 # curly-tail j 139 voiced palatal fricative |
| always x 1346 # lowercase x 140 voiceless velar fricative |
| always ɣ 46-1245 # gamma 141 voiced velar fricative |
| always χ 46-12346 # chi 142 voiceless uvular fricative |
| always ʁ 35-3456 # inverted small capital r 143 voiced uvular fricative |
| always ħ 235-125 # crossed h 144 voiceless pharyngeal fricative |
| always ʕ 235-23 # reversed glottal stop 145 voiced pharyngeal fricative |
| always h 125 # lowercase h 146 voiceless glottal fricative |
| always ɦ 236-125 # hooktop h 147 voiced glottal fricative |
| always ɬ 236-123 # belted l 148 voiceless alveolar lateral fricative |
| always ɮ 123-5-2346 # l-yogh digraph 149 voiced alveolar lateral fricative |
| always ʋ 236-1236 # script v 150 voiced labiodental approximant |
| always ɹ 3456 # turned r 151 voiced (post)alveolar approximant |
| always ɻ 256-3456 # turned r, right tail 152 voiced retroflex approximant |
| always j 245 # lowercase j 153 voiced palatal approximant |
| always ɰ 236-134 # turned m, right leg 154 voiced velar approximant |
| always l 123 # lowercase l 155 voiced alveolar lateral approximant |
| always ɭ 256-123 # right-tail l 156 voiced retroflex lateral approxiant |
| always ʎ 236-13456 # turned y 157 voiced palatal lateral approximant |
| always ʟ 35-123 # small capital l 158 voiced velar lateral approximant |
| always ɓ 236-12 # hooktop b 160 voiced bilabial implosive |
| always ɗ 236-145 # hooktop d 162 voiced dental/alveolar implosive |
| always ʄ 236-35-245 # hooktop barred dotless j 164 voiced palatal implosive |
| always ɠ 236-1245 # hooktop g 166 voiced velar implosive |
| always ʛ 236-35-1245 # hooktop small capital g 168 voiced uvular implosive |
| always ʍ 235-2456 # turned w 169 voiceless labial-velar fricative |
| always w 2456 # lowercase w 170 voiced labial-velar approximant |
| always ɥ 256-125 # turned h 171 voiced labial-palatal approximant |
| always ʜ 35-125 # small capital h 172 voiceless epiglottal fricative |
| always ʡ 236-23 # barred glottal stop 173 epiglottal plosive |
| always ʢ 35-23 # barred reversed glottal stop 174 voiced epiglottal fricative |
| always ɧ 236-1246 # hooked eng 175 voiceless multiple-place fricative |
| always ʘ 12346-1234 # bull's eye 176 bilabial click |
| always ǀ 12346-1456 # pipe 177 dental click |
| always ǃ 12346-2345 # exclamation point 178 (post-)alveolar click |
| always ǂ 12346-156 # double-barred pipe 179 palatoalveolar click |
| always ǁ 12346-123 # double pipe 180 alveolar lateral click |
| always ɺ 236-3456 # turned long-leg r 181 voiced alveolar lateral flap |
| always ɕ 236-14 # curly-tail c 182 voiceless alveolopalatal fricative |
| always ʑ 236-1356 # curly-tail z 183 voiced alveolopalatal fricative |
| always ɫ 235-123 # lowercase l with tilde 209 velarized voiced alveolar lateral |
| always ʣ 145-5-1356 # d-z digraph voiced alveolar affricate |
| always ʤ 145-5-2346 # d-yogh digraph voiced postalveolar affricate |
| always ʥ 145-5-236-1356 # d-curly-tail-z digraph voiced alveolopalatal affricate |
| always ʦ 2345-5-234 # t-s digraph voiceless alveolar affricate |
| always ʧ 2345-5-156 # t-esh digraph voiceless postalveolar affricate |
| always ʨ 2345-5-236-14 # t-curly-tail-c digraph voiceless alveolopalatal affricate |
| |
| # Voyels |
| always i 24 # lowercase i 301 close front unrounded vowel |
| always e 15 # lowercase e 302 close-mid front unrounded vowel |
| always ɛ 345 # epsilon 303 open-mid front unrounded vowel |
| always a 1 # lowercase a 304 open front unrounded vowel |
| always ɑ 16 # script a 305 open back unrounded vowel |
| always ɔ 126 # open o 306 open-mid back rounded vowel |
| always o 135 # lowercase o 307 close-mid back rounded vowel |
| always u 136 # lowercase u 308 close back rounded vowel |
| always y 13456 # lowercase y 309 close front rounded vowel |
| always ø 1256 # slashed o 310 close-mid front rounded vowel |
| always œ 246 # o-e digraph 311 open-mid front rounded vowel |
| always ɶ 35-246 # small capital o-e digraph 312 open front rounded vowel |
| always ɒ 235-16 # turned script a 313 open back rounded vowel |
| always ʌ 346 # turned v (caret) 314 open-mid back unrounded vowel |
| always ɤ 235-135 # ram's horns 315 close-mid back unrounded vowel |
| always ɯ 235-136 # turned m 316 close back unrounded vowel |
| always ɨ 356-24 # barred i 317 close central unrounded vowel |
| always ʉ 356-136 # barred u 318 close central rounded vowel |
| always ɪ 34 # small capital i 319 near-close front unrounded vowel |
| always ʏ 35-13456 # small capital y 320 near-close front rounded vowel |
| always ʊ 12356 # upsilon 321 near-close back rounded vowel |
| always ə 26 # schwa 322 mid central unrounded vowel |
| always ɵ 356-135 # barred o 323 close-mid central rounded vowel |
| always ɐ 235-1 # turned a 324 near-open central unrounded vowel |
| always æ 146 # ash 325 near-open front unrounded vowel |
| always ɜ 235-345 # reversed epsilon 326 open-mid central unrounded vowel |
| always ɚ 26-5-1235 # schwa with hook 327 rhotacized schwa |
| always ɞ 236-345 # closed reversed epsilon 395 open-mid central rounded vowel |
| always ɘ 235-15 # reversed e 397 open-mid central unrounded vowel |
| |
| always ʼ 5-3 # apostrophe 401 ejective |
| always ̥ 6-1246 # ring below 402 voiceless |
| always ̊ 4-1246 # ring above 402 voiceless |
| always ̬ 6-236 # wedge below 403 voiced |
| always ʰ 4-125 # superscript h 404 aspirated |
| always ̤ 6-25 # umlaut below 405 breathy voiced |
| always ̰ 6-12456 # tilde below 406 creaky voiced |
| always ̼ 6-12346 # seagull below 407 linguolabial |
| always ̪ 6-1456 # bridge below 408 dental |
| always ̺ 6-235-1456 # inverted bridge below 409 apical |
| always ̻ 6-2356 # square below 410 laminal |
| always ̹ 6-135 # right half-ring below 411 more rounded |
| always ̜ 6-246 # left half-ring below 412 less rounded |
| always ̟ 6-346 # plus below 413 advanced |
| always ̠ 6-36 # minus below 414 retracted |
| always ̈ 4-25 # umlaut above 415 centralized |
| always ̽ 4-1346 # over-cross above 416 mid-centralized |
| always ̘ 6-156 # advancing sign below 417 advanced tongue root |
| always ̙ 6-234 # retracting sign below 418 retracted tongue root |
| always ˞ 5-1235 # right hook 419 rhotacized |
| always ʷ 4-2456 # superscript w 420 labialized |
| always ʲ 4-245 # superscript j 421 palatalized |
| always ˠ 4-46-1245 # superscript gamma 422 velarized |
| always ˤ 4-235-23 # superscript reversed glottal stop 423 pharyngealized |
| always ̃ 4-12456 # tiled above 424 nasalized |
| always ⁿ 4-1345 # superscript n 425 nasal release |
| always ˡ 4-123 # superscript l 426 lateral release |
| always ̚ 4-145 # corner above 427 no audible release |
| always ̴ 5-12456 # superimposed tilde 428 velarized or pharyngealized |
| always ̝ 6-345 # raising sign below 429 raised |
| always ̞ 6-126 # lowering sign below 430 lowered |
| always ̩ 6-23 # vertical line below 431 syllabic |
| always ̯ 6-23456 # arch below 432 non-syllabic |
| always ͡ 5 # top tie bar 433 double articulation |
| always , 2 # comma 491 (punctuation) |
| |
| always ˈ 456-12 # vertical stroke (superior) 501 (primary) stress mark |
| always ˌ 456-23 # vertical stroke (inferior) 502 secondary stress mark |
| always ː 25 # length mark 503 length mark |
| always ˑ 5-2 # half-length mark 504 half-length |
| always ̆ 4-12356 # breve above 505 extra-short |
| always . 3 # period 506 syllable break |
| always | 456-1256 # vertical line 507 minor (foot) group |
| always ‖ 456-123456 # double vertical line 508 major (intonation) group |
| always ‿ 456-123 # bottom tie bar 509 linking (absence of a break) |
| always ↗ 456-145 # upward diagonal arrow 510 global rise |
| always ↘ 456-356 # downward diagonal arrow 511 global fall |
| always ̋ 4-6-34 # double acute accent above 512 extra high tone |
| always ́ 4-34 # acute accent above 513 high tone |
| always ̄ 4-14 # macron above 514 mid tone |
| always ̀ 4-16 # grave accent above 515 low tone |
| always ̏ 4-6-16 # double grave accent above 516 extra low tone |
| always ↓ 456-2346 # down arrow 517 downstep |
| always ↑ 456-1246 # up arrow 518 upstep |
| always ˥ 456-4-14 # extra-high tone bar (55) 519 extra hight tone |
| always ˦ 456-14 # high tone bar (44) 520 hight tone |
| always ˧ 456-25 # mid tone bar (33) 521 mid tone |
| always ˨ 456-36 # low tone bar (22) 522 low tone |
| always ˩ 456-6-36 # extra-low tone bar (11) 523 extra low tone |
| always ̌ 4-236 # wedge above 524 rising tone |
| # 456-34 # rising tone bar (15) rising tone |
| always ̂ 4-146 # circumflex above 525 falling tone |
| # 456-16 # falling tone bar (15) falling tone |
| always 4-24 # macro-acute above 526 high-rising tone |
| # 456-24 # high-rising tone bar (35) high-rising tone |
| always 4-35 # grave-macro above 527 low-rising tone |
| # 456-35 # low-rising tone bar (13) low-rising tone |
| always 4-256 # grave-acute-grave above 528 rising-falling tone |
| |
| # also used for switch into/out into/out of phonetic code. |
| always [ 45-12356 # left square bracket 901 opening phonetic brackets |
| always ] 45-23456 # right square bracket 902 closing phonetic brackets |
| |
| always / 45-34 # slash phonemic enclosure |
| always → 456-135 # rightward arrow becomes (is realized as) |
| always - 36 # hyphen (dash) (punctuation) |
| |
| # 56 # The following symbol is non-IPA and should be read in accordance with the primary braille code of the document |
| # 56-56 # The following passage is non-IPA and should be read in accordance with the primary braille code of the document |
| # 56-23 # Terminates a passage of non-IPA texte (opened by 56-56); return to IPA code |
