/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
 * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0,
 * or the Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause
 */

// Contributors:
//     Oracle - initial API and implementation
//
package org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.ExpressionTools;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.JPAVersion;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.LiteralType;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.LiteralVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.ParameterTypeVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.AbstractTraverseChildrenVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.AbstractTraverseParentVisitor;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.Expression;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.ExpressionRegistry;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.InputParameter;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.JPQLExpression;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.JPQLGrammar;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.SimpleSelectStatement;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.Declaration;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.DeclarationResolver;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.Resolver;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.resolver.ResolverBuilder;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IManagedTypeProvider;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IMapping;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IQuery;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IType;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.ITypeDeclaration;
import org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.ITypeRepository;

/**
 * This context is used to store information related to the JPQL query.
 *
 * <pre><code> {@link IQuery} externalQuery = ...;
 *
 * JPQLQueryContext context = new JPQLQueryContext(DefaultJPQLGrammar.instance());
 * context.setQuery(query);</code></pre>
 *
 * If the JPQL query is already parsed, then the context can use it and it needs to be set before
 * setting the {@link IQuery}:
 * <pre><code> {@link JPQLExpression} jpqlExpression = ...;
 *
 * JPQLQueryContext context = new JPQLQueryContext(DefaultJPQLGrammar.instance());
 * context.setJPQLExpression(jpqlExpression);
 * context.setQuery(query);</code></pre>
 * <p>
 * Provisional API: This interface is part of an interim API that is still under development and
 * expected to change significantly before reaching stability. It is available at this early stage
 * to solicit feedback from pioneering adopters on the understanding that any code that uses this
 * API will almost certainly be broken (repeatedly) as the API evolves.
 *
 * @version 2.5
 * @since 2.3
 * @author Pascal Filion
 */
@SuppressWarnings("nls")
public abstract class JPQLQueryContext {

    /**
     * This map caches the {@link JPQLQueryContext contexts} in order to keep them in memory and for
     * fast access to the information of any query (top-level query and subqueries).
     */
    private Map<Expression, JPQLQueryContext> contexts;

    /**
     * The current {@link JPQLQueryContext} is the context used for the current query or subquery.
     * If the current context is not the global context, then its parent is non <code>null</code>.
     */
    protected JPQLQueryContext currentContext;

    /**
     * The parsed {@link Expression JPQL Expression} currently visited.
     */
    private Expression currentQuery;

    /**
     * The resolver of the current query's declaration. For a <b>SELECT</b> query, it contains the
     * information defined in the <b>FROM</b> clause. For <b>DELETE</b> and <b>UPDATE</b> queries,
     * it contains a single range declaration variable.
     */
    private DeclarationResolver declarationResolver;

    /**
     * This visitor is responsible to find the {@link InputParameter} with a specific named parameter
     * or positional parameter.
     */
    private InputParameterVisitor inputParameterVisitor;

    /**
     * The parsed tree representation of the JPQL query.
     */
    private JPQLExpression jpqlExpression;

    /**
     * The grammar that defines how to parse a JPQL query.
     */
    private JPQLGrammar jpqlGrammar;

    /**
     * This visitor is used to retrieve a variable name from various type of {@link
     * org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.Expression JPQL Expression}.
     */
    private LiteralVisitor literalVisitor;

    /**
     * This visitor is responsible to calculate the closest type of any input parameter.
     */
    private ParameterTypeVisitor parameterTypeVisitor;

    /**
     * When this context is a sub-context used for a subquery, then this is the context for the
     * parent query.
     */
    protected JPQLQueryContext parent;

    /**
     * The external form of the JPQL query being manipulated.
     */
    private IQuery query;

    /**
     * This visitor is responsible to retrieve the {@link Expression} that is the beginning of a
     * query. For a subquery, it will retrieve {@link SimpleSelectStatement} and for a top-level
     * query, it will retrieve {@link JPQLExpression}. The search goes through the parent hierarchy.
     */
    private QueryExpressionVisitor queryExpressionVisitor;

    /**
     * This visitor creates a {@link Resolver} that gives information about the visited {@link
     * Expression}. The actual {@link Resolver} will calculate the proper {@link IType} as well.
     */
    private ResolverBuilder resolverBuilder;

    /**
     * Determines if the parsing system should be tolerant, meaning if it should try to parse invalid
     * or incomplete queries.
     */
    private boolean tolerant;

    /**
     * Internal flag used to determine if the declaration portion of the query was visited.
     */
    private boolean traversed;

    /**
     * Creates a new <code>JPQLQueryContext</code>.
     *
     * @param jpqlGrammar The {@link JPQLGrammar} defines how to parse a JPQL query
     */
    public JPQLQueryContext(JPQLGrammar jpqlGrammar) {
        super();
        initialize(jpqlGrammar);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new sub-<code>JPQLQueryContext</code>.
     *
     * @param parent The parent context
     * @param currentQuery The parsed tree representation of the subquery
     */
    protected JPQLQueryContext(JPQLQueryContext parent, Expression currentQuery) {
        this(parent.jpqlGrammar);
        store(parent, currentQuery);
    }

    protected DeclarationResolver buildDeclarationResolver() {
        DeclarationResolver parentResolver = (parent != null) ? parent.getDeclarationResolverImp() : null;
        return buildDeclarationResolver(parentResolver);
    }

    protected DeclarationResolver buildDeclarationResolver(DeclarationResolver parent) {
        return new DeclarationResolver(parent, this);
    }

    protected InputParameterVisitor buildInputParameter() {
        return new InputParameterVisitor();
    }

    protected abstract JPQLQueryContext buildJPQLQueryContext(JPQLQueryContext currentContext,
                                                              Expression currentQuery);

    protected abstract LiteralVisitor buildLiteralVisitor();

    protected abstract ParameterTypeVisitor buildParameterTypeVisitor();

    protected QueryExpressionVisitor buildQueryExpressionVisitor() {
        return new QueryExpressionVisitor();
    }

    protected abstract ResolverBuilder buildResolverBuilder();

    /**
     * Converts the given {@link Declaration} from being set as a range variable declaration to
     * a path expression declaration.
     * <p>
     * In this query "<code>UPDATE Employee SET firstName = 'MODIFIED' WHERE (SELECT COUNT(m) FROM
     * managedEmployees m) {@literal >} 0</code>" <em>managedEmployees</em> is an unqualified
     * collection-valued path expression (<code>employee.managedEmployees</code>).
     *
     * @param declaration The {@link Declaration} that was parsed to range over an abstract schema
     * name but is actually ranging over a path expression
     */
    public void convertUnqualifiedDeclaration(Declaration declaration) {

        if (parent != null) {

            // Retrieve the range identification variable from the parent declaration
            Declaration parentDeclaration = parent.getDeclarationResolverImp().getDeclarations().get(0);
            String outerVariableName = parentDeclaration.getVariableName();

            // Qualify the range expression to be fully qualified
            getDeclarationResolverImp().convertUnqualifiedDeclaration(declaration, outerVariableName);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disposes the internal data.
     */
    public void dispose() {

        query          = null;
        traversed      = false;
        currentQuery   = null;
        currentContext = this;
        jpqlExpression = null;

        contexts.clear();

        if (declarationResolver != null) {
            declarationResolver.dispose();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disposes this context, which is the current context being used by a subquery. Once it is
     * disposed, any information retrieved will be for the subquery's parent query.
     */
    public void disposeSubqueryContext() {
        currentContext = currentContext.parent;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves all the {@link InputParameter InputParameters} with the given parameter name.
     *
     * @param parameterName The parameter used to find the {@link InputParameter InputParameters}
     * with the same value
     * @return Either the {@link InputParameter InputParameters} that has the given parameter or an
     * empty collection
     */
    public Collection<InputParameter> findInputParameters(String parameterName) {

        InputParameterVisitor visitor = getInputParameterVisitor();

        try {
            visitor.parameterName   = parameterName;
            visitor.inputParameters = new ArrayList<InputParameter>();

            jpqlExpression.accept(visitor);

            return visitor.inputParameters;
        }
        finally {
            visitor.parameterName   = null;
            visitor.inputParameters = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current {@link Expression} being manipulated, which is either the top-level query
     * or a subquery.
     *
     * @return Either the top-level query or a subquery
     */
    public Expression getActualCurrentQuery() {
        return currentQuery;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of this context and not from the current query's
     * declaration.
     *
     * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for this context
     */
    public DeclarationResolver getActualDeclarationResolver() {
        return getDeclarationResolverImp();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current {@link JPQLQueryContext}, i.e. the context of the query being manipulated,
     * which can either be the top-level query or a subquery.
     *
     * @return The active context
     */
    public JPQLQueryContext getCurrentContext() {
        return currentContext;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current {@link Expression} being manipulated, which is either the top-level query
     * or a subquery.
     *
     * @return Either the top-level query or a subquery
     */
    public Expression getCurrentQuery() {
        return currentContext.currentQuery;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link Declaration} for which the given variable name is used to navigate to the
     * "root" object. This does not go up the hierarchy when looking for the {@link Declaration}.
     *
     * @param variableName The name of the identification variable that is used to navigate a "root" object
     * @return The {@link Declaration} containing the information about the identification variable declaration
     * @since 2.5
     */
    public Declaration getDeclaration(String variableName) {
        return getDeclarationResolver().getDeclaration(variableName);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of the current query's declaration. For a
     * <b>SELECT</b> query, it contains the information defined in the <b>FROM</b> clause. For
     * <b>DELETE</b> and <b>UPDATE</b> queries, it contains a single range declaration variable. If
     * the current query is a subquery, then it contains the information defined in the
     * <code>FROM</code> clause.
     *
     * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for the current query being visited
     */
    public DeclarationResolver getDeclarationResolver() {
        return currentContext.getDeclarationResolverImp();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of the current query's declaration. For a
     * <b>SELECT</b> query, it contains the information defined in the <b>FROM</b> clause. For
     * <b>DELETE</b> and <b>UPDATE</b> queries, it contains a single range variable declaration. If
     * the current query is a subquery, then it contains the information defined in the subquery
     * <code>FROM</code> clause.
     *
     * @param expression The {@link Expression} that will be used to retrieve its query expression,
     * i.e. either {@link JPQLExpression} or {@link SimpleSelectStatement}
     * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for the current query being visited
     */
    public DeclarationResolver getDeclarationResolver(Expression expression) {

        // Retrieve the expression for the query (either the top-level query or subquery)
        // owning the given Expression
        expression = getQueryExpression(expression);

        // Retrieve the cached JPQLQueryContext
        JPQLQueryContext context = contexts.get(expression);

        if (context != null) {
            return context.getDeclarationResolverImp();
        }

        // The JPQLQueryContext has not been created yet,
        // create the parent JPQLQueryContexts first
        getDeclarationResolver(expression.getParent());

        // Create the JPQLQueryContext and DeclarationResolver for the subquery
        newSubqueryContext(expression);
        return currentContext.getDeclarationResolverImp();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link DeclarationResolver} of the current query's declaration.
     *
     * @return The {@link DeclarationResolver} for the current query being visited
     */
    protected DeclarationResolver getDeclarationResolverImp() {

        if (declarationResolver == null) {
            declarationResolver = buildDeclarationResolver();
        }

        // Only traverse the declaration once
        if (!traversed) {
            traversed = true;
            declarationResolver.populate(currentQuery);
        }

        return declarationResolver;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the ordered list of {@link Declaration Declarations}.
     *
     * @return The {@link Declaration Declarations} of the current query that was parsed
     */
    public List<Declaration> getDeclarations() {
        return getDeclarationResolver().getDeclarations();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link IType} representing the possible given enum type. If the type name
     *
     * @param enumTypeName The fully qualified enum type with the constant
     * @return The external form for the given Enum type
     */
    public IType getEnumType(String enumTypeName) {
        return getTypeRepository().getEnumType(enumTypeName);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the registry containing the {@link org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.JPQLQueryBNF
     * JPQLQueryBNFs} and the {@link org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.parser.ExpressionFactory
     * ExpressionFactories} that are used to properly parse a JPQL query.
     *
     * @return The registry containing the information related to the JPQL grammar
     */
    public ExpressionRegistry getExpressionRegistry() {
        return jpqlGrammar.getExpressionRegistry();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the JPQL grammar that will be used to define how to parse a JPQL query.
     *
     * @return The grammar that was used to parse this {@link Expression}
     */
    public JPQLGrammar getGrammar() {
        return jpqlGrammar;
    }

    protected InputParameterVisitor getInputParameterVisitor() {
        if (inputParameterVisitor == null) {
            inputParameterVisitor = buildInputParameter();
        }
        return inputParameterVisitor;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the version of the Java Persistence to support, which dictates which version of the
     * JPQL grammar to support.
     *
     * @return The version of the supported Java Persistence functional specification
     */
    public JPAVersion getJPAVersion() {
        return jpqlGrammar.getJPAVersion();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the parsed tree representation of the JPQL query.
     *
     * @return The parsed tree representation of the JPQL query
     */
    public JPQLExpression getJPQLExpression() {
        return jpqlExpression;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the string representation of the JPQL query.
     *
     * @return The string representation of the JPQL query
     */
    public String getJPQLQuery() {
        return query.getExpression();
    }

    protected LiteralVisitor getLiteralVisitor() {
        if (literalVisitor == null) {
            literalVisitor = buildLiteralVisitor();
        }
        return literalVisitor;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link IMapping} for the field represented by the given {@link Expression}.
     *
     * @param expression The {@link Expression} representing a state field path expression or a
     * collection-valued path expression
     * @return Either the {@link IMapping} or <code>null</code> if none exists
     */
    public IMapping getMapping(Expression expression) {
        return getResolver(expression).getMapping();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves, if it can be determined, the type of the given {@link InputParameter}. The type
     * will be guessed based on its location within expression.
     * <p>
     * Note: Both named and positional input parameter can be used.
     *
     * @param inputParameter The {@link InputParameter} to retrieve its type
     * @return Either the closest type of the input parameter or <code>null</code> if the type could
     * not be determined
     */
    public IType getParameterType(InputParameter inputParameter) {
        ParameterTypeVisitor visitor = getParameterTypeVisitor();
        try {
            inputParameter.accept(visitor);
            return (IType) visitor.getType();
        }
        finally {
            visitor.dispose();
        }
    }

    protected ParameterTypeVisitor getParameterTypeVisitor() {
        if (parameterTypeVisitor == null) {
            parameterTypeVisitor = buildParameterTypeVisitor();
        }
        return parameterTypeVisitor;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the parent context if the current context is not the root context.
     *
     * @return The parent context or <code>null</code> if the current context is the root
     */
    public JPQLQueryContext getParent() {
        return parent;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the provider of managed types.
     *
     * @return The object that has access to the application's managed types.
     */
    public IManagedTypeProvider getProvider() {
        return query.getProvider();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the version of the persistence provider.
     *
     * @return The version of the persistence provider, if one is extending the default JPQL grammar
     * defined in the Java Persistence specification, otherwise returns an empty string
     * @since 2.5
     */
    public String getProviderVersion() {
        return jpqlGrammar.getProviderVersion();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the external form of the JPQL query.
     *
     * @return The external form of the JPQL query
     */
    public IQuery getQuery() {
        return query;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link Expression} representing the query statement (either the top-level query
     * {@link JPQLExpression} or the subquery {@link SimpleSelectStatement}) owning the given {@link
     * Expression}.
     *
     * @param expression A child of the "root" {@link Expression} to retrieve
     * @return The query statement that is the "root" parent of the given {@link Expression}
     */
    public Expression getQueryExpression(Expression expression) {
        QueryExpressionVisitor visitor = getQueryExpressionVisitor();
        try {
            expression.accept(visitor);
            return visitor.expression;
        }
        finally {
            visitor.expression = null;
        }
    }

    protected QueryExpressionVisitor getQueryExpressionVisitor() {
        if (queryExpressionVisitor == null) {
            queryExpressionVisitor = buildQueryExpressionVisitor();
        }
        return queryExpressionVisitor;
    }

    /**
     * Creates or retrieved the cached {@link Resolver} for the given {@link Expression}. The
     * {@link Resolver} can return the {@link IType} and {@link ITypeDeclaration} of the {@link
     * Expression} and either the {@link org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql.tools.spi.IManagedType IManagedType}
     * or the {@link IMapping}.
     *
     * @param expression The {@link Expression} for which its {@link Resolver} will be retrieved
     * @return {@link Resolver} for the given {@link Expression}
     */
    public Resolver getResolver(Expression expression) {
        ResolverBuilder visitor = getResolverBuilder();
        try {
            expression.accept(visitor);
            return visitor.getResolver();
        }
        finally {
            visitor.dispose();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the {@link Resolver} mapped with the given identification variable. If the
     * identification is not defined in the declaration traversed by this resolver, than the search
     * will traverse the parent hierarchy.
     *
     * @param variableName The identification variable that maps a {@link Resolver}
     * @return The {@link Resolver} mapped with the given identification variable
     */
    public Resolver getResolver(String variableName) {
        return getDeclarationResolver().getResolver(variableName);
    }

    protected ResolverBuilder getResolverBuilder() {
        if (resolverBuilder == null) {
            resolverBuilder = buildResolverBuilder();
        }
        return resolverBuilder;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the variables that got defined in the select expression. This only applies to JPQL
     * queries built for JPA 2.0.
     *
     * @return The variables identifying the select expressions, if any was defined or an empty set
     * if none were defined
     */
    public Set<String> getResultVariables() {
        return getDeclarationResolver().getResultVariables();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the external type for the given Java type.
     *
     * @param type The Java type to wrap with an external form
     * @return The external form of the given type
     */
    public IType getType(Class<?> type) {
        return getTypeRepository().getType(type);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link IType} of the given {@link Expression}.
     *
     * @param expression The {@link Expression} for which its type will be calculated
     * @return Either the {@link IType} that was resolved by this {@link Resolver} or the
     * {@link IType} for {@link IType#UNRESOLVABLE_TYPE} if it could not be resolved
     */
    public IType getType(Expression expression) {
        return getResolver(expression).getType();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the external class with the given fully qualified class name.
     *
     * @param typeName The fully qualified class name of the class to retrieve
     * @return The external form of the class to retrieve
     */
    public IType getType(String typeName) {
        return getTypeRepository().getType(typeName);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@link ITypeDeclaration} of the field handled by this {@link Resolver}.
     *
     * @param expression The {@link Expression} for which its type declaration will be calculated
     * @return Either the {@link ITypeDeclaration} that was resolved by this {@link Resolver} or the
     * {@link ITypeDeclaration} for {@link IType#UNRESOLVABLE_TYPE} if it could not be resolved
     */
    public ITypeDeclaration getTypeDeclaration(Expression expression) {
        return getResolver(expression).getTypeDeclaration();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a helper that gives access to the most common {@link IType types}.
     *
     * @return A helper containing a collection of methods related to {@link IType}
     */
    public TypeHelper getTypeHelper() {
        return getTypeRepository().getTypeHelper();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the type repository for the application.
     *
     * @return The repository of {@link IType ITypes}
     */
    public ITypeRepository getTypeRepository() {
        return getProvider().getTypeRepository();
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the JPQL expression has <b>JOIN</b> expressions.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the query or subquery being traversed contains <b>JOIN</b>
     * expressions; <code>false</code> otherwise
     */
    public boolean hasJoins() {
        return getDeclarationResolver().hasJoins();
    }

    /**
     * Initializes this {@link JPQLQueryContext}.
     *
     * @param jpqlGrammar The grammar that defines how to parse a JPQL query
     */
    protected void initialize(JPQLGrammar jpqlGrammar) {
        this.tolerant       = true;
        this.currentContext = this;
        this.jpqlGrammar    = jpqlGrammar;
        this.contexts       = new HashMap<Expression, JPQLQueryContext>();
    }

    /**
     * Initializes the parsed tree representation of the JPQL query if it has not been set before
     * setting the {@link IQuery}.
     */
    protected void initializeRoot() {

        if (jpqlExpression == null) {
            jpqlExpression = new JPQLExpression(query.getExpression(), jpqlGrammar, tolerant);
        }

        currentQuery = jpqlExpression;
        contexts.put(currentQuery, this);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the given identification variable is defining a join or a collection member
     * declaration expressions.
     *
     * @param variableName The identification variable to check for what it maps
     * @return <code>true</code> if the given identification variable maps a collection-valued field
     * defined in a <code>JOIN</code> or <code>IN</code> expression; <code>false</code> if it's not
     * defined or it's mapping an abstract schema name
     */
    public boolean isCollectionIdentificationVariable(String variableName) {
        return getDeclarationResolver().isCollectionIdentificationVariable(variableName);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the given variable name is an identification variable name used to define
     * an abstract schema name.
     *
     * @param variableName The name of the variable to verify if it's defined in a range variable
     * declaration in the current query or any parent query
     * @return <code>true</code> if the variable name is mapping an abstract schema name; <code>false</code>
     * if it's defined in a collection member declaration
     */
    public boolean isRangeIdentificationVariable(String variableName) {
        return getDeclarationResolver().isRangeIdentificationVariable(variableName);
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the given variable is a result variable.
     *
     * @param variable The variable to check if it's a result variable
     * @return <code>true</code> if the given variable is defined as a result variable; <code>false</code>
     * otherwise
     */
    public boolean isResultVariable(String variable) {
        return getDeclarationResolverImp().isResultVariable(variable);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether this {@link JPQLQueryContext} currently holds the information of a subquery
     * or for the top-level query.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the current context is for a subquery; <code>false</code> for the
     * top-level query
     * @since 2.5
     */
    public boolean isSubquery() {
        return currentContext.parent != null;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the parser is in tolerant mode or is in fast mode. When the tolerant is turned
     * on, it means the parser will attempt to parse incomplete or invalid queries.
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the parsing system should parse invalid or incomplete queries;
     * <code>false</code> when the query is well-formed and valid
     * @since 2.5
     */
    public boolean isTolerant() {
        return tolerant;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the "literal" from the given {@link Expression}. The literal to retrieve depends on
     * the given {@link LiteralType type}. The literal is basically a string value like an
     * identification variable name, an input parameter, a path expression, an abstract schema name,
     * etc.
     *
     * @param expression The {@link Expression} to visit
     * @param type The {@link LiteralType} helps to determine what to retrieve from the visited
     * {@link Expression}
     * @return A value from the given {@link Expression} or an empty string if the given {@link
     * Expression} and the {@link LiteralType} do not match
     */
    public String literal(Expression expression, LiteralType type) {
        LiteralVisitor visitor = getLiteralVisitor();
        try {
            visitor.setType(type);
            expression.accept(visitor);
            return visitor.literal;
        }
        finally {
            visitor.literal = ExpressionTools.EMPTY_STRING;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Changes the state of this context to use the given subquery.
     *
     * @param currentQuery The parsed tree representation of the subquery that will become the
     * current query
     * @see #disposeSubqueryContext()
     */
    public void newSubqueryContext(Expression currentQuery) {

        JPQLQueryContext context = contexts.get(currentQuery);

        if (context != null) {
            currentContext = context;
        }
        else {
            currentContext = buildJPQLQueryContext(currentContext, currentQuery);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the parsed tree representation of the JPQL query. If the expression was parsed outside of
     * the scope of this context, then this method has to be invoked before {@link #setQuery(IQuery)}
     * because the JPQL query is automatically parsed by that method.
     *
     * @param jpqlExpression The parsed representation of the JPQL query to manipulate
     * @see #setQuery(IQuery)
     */
    public void setJPQLExpression(JPQLExpression jpqlExpression) {
        this.jpqlExpression = jpqlExpression;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the external form of the JPQL query, which will be parsed and information will be
     * extracted for later access.
     *
     * @param query The external form of the JPQL query
     * @see #setJPQLExpression(JPQLExpression)
     */
    public void setQuery(IQuery query) {
        this.query = query;
        initializeRoot();
    }

    /**
     * Sets whether the parser is in tolerant mode or is in fast mode. When the tolerant is turned
     * on, it means the parser will attempt to parse incomplete or invalid queries.
     * <p>
     * Note: This needs to be set before {@link #setQuery(IQuery)} or {@link #setJPQLExpression(JPQLExpression)}
     * is invoked.
     *
     * @param tolerant Determines if the parsing system should be tolerant, meaning if it should try
     * to parse invalid or incomplete queries
     * @since 2.5
     */
    public void setTolerant(boolean tolerant) {
        this.tolerant = tolerant;
    }

    /**
     * Stores the information contained in the given parent into this one.
     *
     * @param parent The parent context, which is the context of the parent query
     * @param currentQuery The subquery becoming the current query
     */
    protected void store(JPQLQueryContext parent, Expression currentQuery) {

        this.parent = parent;

        // Copy the information from the parent to this one, only a single instance is required
        this.currentQuery           = currentQuery;
        this.query                  = parent.query;
        this.contexts               = parent.contexts;
        this.jpqlExpression         = parent.jpqlExpression;
        this.literalVisitor         = parent.literalVisitor;
        this.resolverBuilder        = parent.resolverBuilder;
        this.parameterTypeVisitor   = parent.parameterTypeVisitor;
        this.queryExpressionVisitor = parent.queryExpressionVisitor;

        // Cache the context
        this.contexts.put(currentQuery, this);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        if (parent != null) {
            sb.append("Subquery=");
        }
        else {
            sb.append("Top-Level Query=");
        }
        sb.append(currentQuery.toParsedText());
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * This visitor is responsible to find the {@link InputParameter InputParameters} with a certain
     * parameter name.
     */
    protected class InputParameterVisitor extends AbstractTraverseChildrenVisitor {

        /**
         * The collection of {@link InputParameter InputParameters} that was retrieved by traversing the
         * parsed tree.
         */
        protected Collection<InputParameter> inputParameters;

        /**
         * The name of the input parameter to search.
         */
        protected String parameterName;

        @Override
        public void visit(InputParameter expression) {
            if (parameterName.equals(expression.getParameter())) {
                inputParameters.add(expression);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void visit(SimpleSelectStatement expression) {
            newSubqueryContext(expression);
            try {
                super.visit(expression);
            }
            finally {
                disposeSubqueryContext();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * This visitor is responsible to retrieve the {@link Expression} that is the beginning of a
     * query. For a subquery, it will retrieve {@link SimpleSelectStatement} and for a top-level
     * query, it will retrieve {@link JPQLExpression}. The search goes through the parent hierarchy.
     */
    protected static class QueryExpressionVisitor extends AbstractTraverseParentVisitor {

        /**
         * The {@link Expression} that is the beginning of a query.
         */
        protected Expression expression;

        @Override
        public void visit(JPQLExpression expression) {
            this.expression = expression;
        }

        @Override
        public void visit(SimpleSelectStatement expression) {
            this.expression = expression;
        }
    }
}