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[[jetty-maven-helloworld]]
=== Using Maven

http://maven.apache.org/[Apache Maven] is a software project management and comprehension tool.
Based on the concept of a project object model (POM), Maven can manage a project's build, reporting and documentation from a central piece of information.

It is an ideal tool to build a web application project, and such projects can use the link:#jetty-maven-plugin[jetty-maven-plugin] to easily run the web application and save time in development.
You can also use Maven to build, test and run a project which embeds Jetty.

____
[NOTE]
Use of Maven and the jetty-maven-plugin is *not* required.
Using Maven for Jetty implementations is a popular choice, but users encouraged to manage their projects in whatever way suits their needs.
Other popular tools include Ant and Gradle. 
____

First we'll have a look at a very simple HelloWorld java application that embeds Jetty, then a simple webapp which makes use of the link:#jetty-maven-plugin[jetty-maven-plugin] to speed up the development cycle.

[[configuring-embedded-jetty-with-maven]]
==== Using Embedded Jetty with Maven

To understand the basic operations of building and running against Jetty, first review:

* link:#advanced-embedding[Embedding with Jetty]
* link:#jetty-helloworld[Jetty HelloWorld example]

Maven uses convention over configuration, so it is best to use the project structure Maven recommends.
You can use _link:#archetypes[http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-archetypes.html[archetypes]]_ to quickly setup Maven projects, but we will set up the structure manually for this simple tutorial example:

[source, screen, subs="{sub-order}"]
....
> mkdir JettyMavenHelloWorld
> cd JettyMavenHelloWorld
> mkdir -p src/main/java/org/example
....

[[creating-helloworld-class]]
===== Creating the HelloWorld Class

Use an editor to create the file `src/main/java/org/example/HelloWorld.java` with the following contents:

[source, java, subs="{sub-order}"]
----
package org.example;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request;
import org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.AbstractHandler;

public class HelloWorld extends AbstractHandler
{
    public void handle(String target,
                       Request baseRequest,
                       HttpServletRequest request,
                       HttpServletResponse response)
        throws IOException, ServletException
    {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
        baseRequest.setHandled(true);
        response.getWriter().println("<h1>Hello World</h1>");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Server server = new Server(8080);
        server.setHandler(new HelloWorld());

        server.start();
        server.join();
    }
}
----

[[creating-embedded-pom-descriptor]]
===== Creating the POM Descriptor

The `pom.xml` file declares the project name and its dependencies.
Use an editor to create the file `pom.xml` in the `JettyMavenHelloWorld` directory with the following contents:

[source, xml, subs="{sub-order}"]
----
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>hello-world</artifactId>
  <version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <name>Jetty HelloWorld</name>

  <properties>
      <!-- Adapt this to a version found on
           http://central.maven.org/maven2/org/eclipse/jetty/jetty-maven-plugin/
        -->
      <jettyVersion>9.3.9.v20160517</jettyVersion>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
      <artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId>
      <version>${jettyVersion}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution><goals><goal>java</goal></goals></execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <mainClass>org.example.HelloWorld</mainClass>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>
----

[[buildng-and-running-embedded-helloworld]]
===== Building and Running Embedded HelloWorld

You can now compile and execute the HelloWorld class by using these commands:

[source, screen, subs="{sub-order}"]
....
> mvn clean compile exec:java
....

You can point your browser to `http://localhost:8080` to see the _Hello World_ page.
You can observe what Maven is doing for you behind the scenes by using the `mvn dependency:tree` command, which reveals the transitive dependency resolved and downloaded as:

[source, screen, subs="{sub-order}"]
....
> mvn dependency:tree
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Jetty HelloWorld 0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.8:tree (default-cli) @ hello-world ---
...
[INFO] org.example:hello-world:jar:0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-server:jar:9.3.9.v20160517:compile
[INFO]    +- javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:jar:3.1.0:compile
[INFO]    +- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-http:jar:9.3.9.v20160517:compile
[INFO]    |  \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-util:jar:9.3.9.v20160517:compile
[INFO]    \- org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-io:jar:9.3.9.v20160517:compile
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.145 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-01T13:46:42-04:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 15M/209M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
....

[[developing-standard-webapp-with-jetty-and-maven]]
==== Developing a Standard WebApp with Jetty and Maven

The previous section demonstrated how to use Maven with an application that embeds Jetty.
Now we will examine instead how to develop a standard webapp with Maven and Jetty.
First create the Maven structure (you can use the maven webapp archetype instead if you prefer):

[source, screen, subs="{sub-order}"]
....
> mkdir JettyMavenHelloWarApp
> cd JettyMavenHelloWebApp
> mkdir -p src/main/java/org/example
> mkdir -p src/main/webapp/WEB-INF
....

[[creating-servlet]]
===== Creating a Servlet

Use an editor to create the file `src/main/java/org/example/HelloServlet.java` with the following contents:

[source, java, subs="{sub-order}"]
----
package org.example;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet
{
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
        response.getWriter().println("<h1>Hello Servlet</h1>");
        response.getWriter().println("session=" + request.getSession(true).getId());
    }
}
----

You need to declare this servlet in the deployment descriptor, so create the file `src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml` and add the following contents:

[source, xml, subs="{sub-order}"]
----
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app
   xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
   metadata-complete="false"
   version="3.1">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.example.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>
----

[[creating-plugin-pom-descriptor]]
===== Creating the POM Descriptor

The `pom.xml` file declares the project name and its dependencies.
Use an editor to create the file `pom.xml` with the following contents in the `JettyMavenHelloWarApp` directory, noting particularly the declaration of the link:#jetty-maven-plugin[jetty-maven-plugin]:

[source, xml, subs="{sub-order}"]
----
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>hello-world</artifactId>
  <version>0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>Jetty HelloWorld WebApp</name>

  <properties>
      <jettyVersion>{VERSION}</jettyVersion>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
        <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>${jettyVersion}</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

</project>
----

[[building-and-running-web-application]]
===== Building and Running the Web Application

Now you can both build and run the web application without needing to assemble it into a war by using the link:#jetty-maven-plugin[jetty-maven-plugin] via the command:

[source, screen, subs="{sub-order}"]
....
> mvn jetty:run
....

You can see the static and dynamic content at `http://localhost:8080/hello`

There are a great deal of configuration options available for the jetty-maven-plugin to help you build and run your webapp.
The full reference is at link:#jetty-maven-plugin[Configuring the Jetty Maven Plugin].

[[building-war-file]]
===== Building a WAR file

You can create a Web Application Archive (WAR) file from the project with the command:

[source, screen, subs="{sub-order}"]
....
> mvn package
....

The resulting war file is in the `target` directory and may be deployed on any standard servlet server, including link:#configuring-deployment[Jetty].