/*
 * Copyright (c) 1995, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.awt;

import java.awt.font.FontRenderContext;
import java.awt.font.GlyphVector;
import java.awt.font.LineMetrics;
import java.awt.font.TextAttribute;
import java.awt.font.TextLayout;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.geom.Point2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.peer.FontPeer;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Serial;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator.Attribute;
import java.text.CharacterIterator;
import java.util.EventListener;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;

import sun.awt.ComponentFactory;
import sun.font.AttributeMap;
import sun.font.AttributeValues;
import sun.font.CompositeFont;
import sun.font.CoreMetrics;
import sun.font.Font2D;
import sun.font.Font2DHandle;
import sun.font.FontAccess;
import sun.font.FontDesignMetrics;
import sun.font.FontLineMetrics;
import sun.font.FontManager;
import sun.font.FontManagerFactory;
import sun.font.FontUtilities;
import sun.font.GlyphLayout;
import sun.font.StandardGlyphVector;

import static sun.font.EAttribute.EBACKGROUND;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EBIDI_EMBEDDING;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ECHAR_REPLACEMENT;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EFAMILY;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EFONT;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EFOREGROUND;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EINPUT_METHOD_HIGHLIGHT;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EINPUT_METHOD_UNDERLINE;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EJUSTIFICATION;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EKERNING;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ELIGATURES;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ENUMERIC_SHAPING;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EPOSTURE;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ERUN_DIRECTION;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ESIZE;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ESTRIKETHROUGH;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ESUPERSCRIPT;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ESWAP_COLORS;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ETRACKING;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.ETRANSFORM;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EUNDERLINE;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EWEIGHT;
import static sun.font.EAttribute.EWIDTH;

/**
 * The {@code Font} class represents fonts, which are used to
 * render text in a visible way.
 * A font provides the information needed to map sequences of
 * <em>characters</em> to sequences of <em>glyphs</em>
 * and to render sequences of glyphs on {@code Graphics} and
 * {@code Component} objects.
 *
 * <h2>Characters and Glyphs</h2>
 *
 * A <em>character</em> is a symbol that represents an item such as a letter,
 * a digit, or punctuation in an abstract way. For example, {@code 'g'},
 * LATIN SMALL LETTER G, is a character.
 * <p>
 * A <em>glyph</em> is a shape used to render a character or a sequence of
 * characters. In simple writing systems, such as Latin, typically one glyph
 * represents one character. In general, however, characters and glyphs do not
 * have one-to-one correspondence. For example, the character '&aacute;'
 * LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE, can be represented by
 * two glyphs: one for 'a' and one for '&acute;'. On the other hand, the
 * two-character string "fi" can be represented by a single glyph, an
 * "fi" ligature. In complex writing systems, such as Arabic or the South
 * and South-East Asian writing systems, the relationship between characters
 * and glyphs can be more complicated and involve context-dependent selection
 * of glyphs as well as glyph reordering.
 *
 * A font encapsulates the collection of glyphs needed to render a selected set
 * of characters as well as the tables needed to map sequences of characters to
 * corresponding sequences of glyphs.
 *
 * <h2>Physical and Logical Fonts</h2>
 *
 * The Java Platform distinguishes between two kinds of fonts:
 * <em>physical</em> fonts and <em>logical</em> fonts.
 * <p>
 * <em>Physical</em> fonts are the actual font libraries containing glyph data
 * and tables to map from character sequences to glyph sequences, using a font
 * technology such as TrueType or PostScript Type 1.
 * All implementations of the Java Platform must support TrueType fonts;
 * support for other font technologies is implementation dependent.
 * Physical fonts may use names such as Helvetica, Palatino, HonMincho, or
 * any number of other font names.
 * Typically, each physical font supports only a limited set of writing
 * systems, for example, only Latin characters or only Japanese and Basic
 * Latin.
 * The set of available physical fonts varies between configurations.
 * Applications that require specific fonts can bundle them and instantiate
 * them using the {@link #createFont createFont} method.
 * <p>
 * <em>Logical</em> fonts are the five font families defined by the Java
 * platform which must be supported by any Java runtime environment:
 * Serif, SansSerif, Monospaced, Dialog, and DialogInput.
 * These logical fonts are not actual font libraries. Instead, the logical
 * font names are mapped to physical fonts by the Java runtime environment.
 * The mapping is implementation and usually locale dependent, so the look
 * and the metrics provided by them vary.
 * Typically, each logical font name maps to several physical fonts in order to
 * cover a large range of characters.
 * <p>
 * Peered AWT components, such as {@link Label Label} and
 * {@link TextField TextField}, can only use logical fonts.
 * <p>
 * For a discussion of the relative advantages and disadvantages of using
 * physical or logical fonts, see the
 * <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/2d/text/fonts.html#advantages-and-disadvantages">
 *    Physical and Logical Fonts</a>
 * in <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/index.html">The Java Tutorials</a>
 * document.
 *
 * <h2>Font Faces and Names</h2>
 *
 * A {@code Font}
 * can have many faces, such as heavy, medium, oblique, gothic and
 * regular. All of these faces have similar typographic design.
 * <p>
 * There are three different names that you can get from a
 * {@code Font} object.  The <em>logical font name</em> is simply the
 * name that was used to construct the font.
 * The <em>font face name</em>, or just <em>font name</em> for
 * short, is the name of a particular font face, like Helvetica Bold. The
 * <em>family name</em> is the name of the font family that determines the
 * typographic design across several faces, like Helvetica.
 * <p>
 * The {@code Font} class represents an instance of a font face from
 * a collection of  font faces that are present in the system resources
 * of the host system.  As examples, Arial Bold and Courier Bold Italic
 * are font faces.  There can be several {@code Font} objects
 * associated with a font face, each differing in size, style, transform
 * and font features.
 * <p>
 * Glyphs may not always be rendered with the requested properties (e.g, font
 * and style) due to platform limitations such as the absence of suitable
 * platform fonts to implement a logical font.
 * <p>
 * The {@link GraphicsEnvironment#getAllFonts() getAllFonts} method
 * of the {@code GraphicsEnvironment} class returns an
 * array of all font faces available in the system. These font faces are
 * returned as {@code Font} objects with a size of 1, identity
 * transform and default font features. These
 * base fonts can then be used to derive new {@code Font} objects
 * with varying sizes, styles, transforms and font features via the
 * {@code deriveFont} methods in this class.
 *
 * <h2>Font and TextAttribute</h2>
 *
 * <p>{@code Font} supports most
 * {@code TextAttribute}s.  This makes some operations, such as
 * rendering underlined text, convenient since it is not
 * necessary to explicitly construct a {@code TextLayout} object.
 * Attributes can be set on a Font by constructing or deriving it
 * using a {@code Map} of {@code TextAttribute} values.
 *
 * <p>The values of some {@code TextAttributes} are not
 * serializable, and therefore attempting to serialize an instance of
 * {@code Font} that has such values will not serialize them.
 * This means a Font deserialized from such a stream will not compare
 * equal to the original Font that contained the non-serializable
 * attributes.  This should very rarely pose a problem
 * since these attributes are typically used only in special
 * circumstances and are unlikely to be serialized.
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@code FOREGROUND} and {@code BACKGROUND} use
 * {@code Paint} values. The subclass {@code Color} is
 * serializable, while {@code GradientPaint} and
 * {@code TexturePaint} are not.</li>
 * <li>{@code CHAR_REPLACEMENT} uses
 * {@code GraphicAttribute} values.  The subclasses
 * {@code ShapeGraphicAttribute} and
 * {@code ImageGraphicAttribute} are not serializable.</li>
 * <li>{@code INPUT_METHOD_HIGHLIGHT} uses
 * {@code InputMethodHighlight} values, which are
 * not serializable.  See {@link java.awt.im.InputMethodHighlight}.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>Clients who create custom subclasses of {@code Paint} and
 * {@code GraphicAttribute} can make them serializable and
 * avoid this problem.  Clients who use input method highlights can
 * convert these to the platform-specific attributes for that
 * highlight on the current platform and set them on the Font as
 * a workaround.
 *
 * <p>The {@code Map}-based constructor and
 * {@code deriveFont} APIs ignore the FONT attribute, and it is
 * not retained by the Font; the static {@link #getFont} method should
 * be used if the FONT attribute might be present.  See {@link
 * java.awt.font.TextAttribute#FONT} for more information.</p>
 *
 * <p>Several attributes will cause additional rendering overhead
 * and potentially invoke layout.  If a {@code Font} has such
 * attributes, the <code>{@link #hasLayoutAttributes()}</code> method
 * will return true.</p>
 *
 * <p>Note: Font rotations can cause text baselines to be rotated.  In
 * order to account for this (rare) possibility, font APIs are
 * specified to return metrics and take parameters 'in
 * baseline-relative coordinates'.  This maps the 'x' coordinate to
 * the advance along the baseline, (positive x is forward along the
 * baseline), and the 'y' coordinate to a distance along the
 * perpendicular to the baseline at 'x' (positive y is 90 degrees
 * clockwise from the baseline vector).  APIs for which this is
 * especially important are called out as having 'baseline-relative
 * coordinates.'
 */
public class Font implements java.io.Serializable
{
    private static class FontAccessImpl extends FontAccess {
        public Font2D getFont2D(Font font) {
            return font.getFont2D();
        }

        public void setFont2D(Font font, Font2DHandle handle) {
            font.font2DHandle = handle;
        }

        public void setCreatedFont(Font font) {
            font.createdFont = true;
        }

        public boolean isCreatedFont(Font font) {
            return font.createdFont;
        }

        @Override
        public FontPeer getFontPeer(final Font font) {
            return font.getFontPeer();
        }
    }

    static {
        /* ensure that the necessary native libraries are loaded */
        Toolkit.loadLibraries();
        initIDs();
        FontAccess.setFontAccess(new FontAccessImpl());
    }

    /**
     * This is now only used during serialization.  Typically
     * it is null.
     *
     * @serial
     * @see #getAttributes()
     */
    private Hashtable<Object, Object> fRequestedAttributes;

    /*
     * Constants to be used for logical font family names.
     */

    /**
     * A String constant for the canonical family name of the
     * logical font "Dialog". It is useful in Font construction
     * to provide compile-time verification of the name.
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static final String DIALOG = "Dialog";

    /**
     * A String constant for the canonical family name of the
     * logical font "DialogInput". It is useful in Font construction
     * to provide compile-time verification of the name.
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static final String DIALOG_INPUT = "DialogInput";

    /**
     * A String constant for the canonical family name of the
     * logical font "SansSerif". It is useful in Font construction
     * to provide compile-time verification of the name.
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static final String SANS_SERIF = "SansSerif";

    /**
     * A String constant for the canonical family name of the
     * logical font "Serif". It is useful in Font construction
     * to provide compile-time verification of the name.
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static final String SERIF = "Serif";

    /**
     * A String constant for the canonical family name of the
     * logical font "Monospaced". It is useful in Font construction
     * to provide compile-time verification of the name.
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public static final String MONOSPACED = "Monospaced";

    /*
     * Constants to be used for styles. Can be combined to mix
     * styles.
     */

    /**
     * The plain style constant.
     */
    public static final int PLAIN       = 0;

    /**
     * The bold style constant.  This can be combined with the other style
     * constants (except PLAIN) for mixed styles.
     */
    public static final int BOLD        = 1;

    /**
     * The italicized style constant.  This can be combined with the other
     * style constants (except PLAIN) for mixed styles.
     */
    public static final int ITALIC      = 2;

    /**
     * The baseline used in most Roman scripts when laying out text.
     */
    public static final int ROMAN_BASELINE = 0;

    /**
     * The baseline used in ideographic scripts like Chinese, Japanese,
     * and Korean when laying out text.
     */
    public static final int CENTER_BASELINE = 1;

    /**
     * The baseline used in Devanagari and similar scripts when laying
     * out text.
     */
    public static final int HANGING_BASELINE = 2;

    /**
     * Identify a font resource of type TRUETYPE.
     * Used to specify a TrueType font resource to the
     * {@link #createFont} method.
     * The TrueType format was extended to become the OpenType
     * format, which adds support for fonts with Postscript outlines,
     * this tag therefore references these fonts, as well as those
     * with TrueType outlines.
     * @since 1.3
     */

    public static final int TRUETYPE_FONT = 0;

    /**
     * Identify a font resource of type TYPE1.
     * Used to specify a Type1 font resource to the
     * {@link #createFont} method.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static final int TYPE1_FONT = 1;

    /**
     * The logical name of this {@code Font}, as passed to the
     * constructor.
     * @since 1.0
     *
     * @serial
     * @see #getName
     */
    protected String name;

    /**
     * The style of this {@code Font}, as passed to the constructor.
     * This style can be PLAIN, BOLD, ITALIC, or BOLD+ITALIC.
     * @since 1.0
     *
     * @serial
     * @see #getStyle()
     */
    protected int style;

    /**
     * The point size of this {@code Font}, rounded to integer.
     * @since 1.0
     *
     * @serial
     * @see #getSize()
     */
    protected int size;

    /**
     * The point size of this {@code Font} in {@code float}.
     *
     * @serial
     * @see #getSize()
     * @see #getSize2D()
     */
    protected float pointSize;

    /**
     * The platform specific font information.
     */
    private transient FontPeer peer;
    private transient long pData;       // native JDK1.1 font pointer
    private transient Font2DHandle font2DHandle;

    private transient AttributeValues values;
    private transient boolean hasLayoutAttributes;

    /*
     * If the origin of a Font is a created font then this attribute
     * must be set on all derived fonts too.
     */
    private transient boolean createdFont = false;

    /*
     * This is true if the font transform is not identity.  It
     * is used to avoid unnecessary instantiation of an AffineTransform.
     */
    private transient boolean nonIdentityTx;

    /*
     * A cached value used when a transform is required for internal
     * use.  This must not be exposed to callers since AffineTransform
     * is mutable.
     */
    private static final AffineTransform identityTx = new AffineTransform();

    /**
     * Use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability.
     */
    @Serial
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4206021311591459213L;

    /**
     * Gets the peer of this {@code Font}.
     *
     * @return the peer of the {@code Font}.
     */
    private FontPeer getFontPeer() {
        if(peer == null) {
            Toolkit tk = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
            if (tk instanceof ComponentFactory) {
                peer = ((ComponentFactory) tk).getFontPeer(name, style);
            }
        }
        return peer;
    }

    /**
     * Return the AttributeValues object associated with this
     * font.  Most of the time, the internal object is null.
     * If required, it will be created from the 'standard'
     * state on the font.  Only non-default values will be
     * set in the AttributeValues object.
     *
     * <p>Since the AttributeValues object is mutable, and it
     * is cached in the font, care must be taken to ensure that
     * it is not mutated.
     */
    private AttributeValues getAttributeValues() {
        if (values == null) {
            AttributeValues valuesTmp = new AttributeValues();
            valuesTmp.setFamily(name);
            valuesTmp.setSize(pointSize); // expects the float value.

            if ((style & BOLD) != 0) {
                valuesTmp.setWeight(2); // WEIGHT_BOLD
            }

            if ((style & ITALIC) != 0) {
                valuesTmp.setPosture(.2f); // POSTURE_OBLIQUE
            }
            valuesTmp.defineAll(PRIMARY_MASK); // for streaming compatibility
            values = valuesTmp;
        }

        return values;
    }

    private Font2D getFont2D() {
        FontManager fm = FontManagerFactory.getInstance();
        if (font2DHandle == null) {
            font2DHandle =
                fm.findFont2D(name, style,
                              FontManager.LOGICAL_FALLBACK).handle;
        }
        /* Do not cache the de-referenced font2D. It must be explicitly
         * de-referenced to pick up a valid font in the event that the
         * original one is marked invalid
         */
        return font2DHandle.font2D;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} from the specified name, style and
     * point size.
     * <p>
     * The font name can be a font face name or a font family name.
     * It is used together with the style to find an appropriate font face.
     * When a font family name is specified, the style argument is used to
     * select the most appropriate face from the family. When a font face
     * name is specified, the face's style and the style argument are
     * merged to locate the best matching font from the same family.
     * For example if face name "Arial Bold" is specified with style
     * {@code Font.ITALIC}, the font system looks for a face in the
     * "Arial" family that is bold and italic, and may associate the font
     * instance with the physical font face "Arial Bold Italic".
     * The style argument is merged with the specified face's style, not
     * added or subtracted.
     * This means, specifying a bold face and a bold style does not
     * double-embolden the font, and specifying a bold face and a plain
     * style does not lighten the font.
     * <p>
     * If no face for the requested style can be found, the font system
     * may apply algorithmic styling to achieve the desired style.
     * For example, if {@code ITALIC} is requested, but no italic
     * face is available, glyphs from the plain face may be algorithmically
     * obliqued (slanted).
     * <p>
     * Font name lookup is case insensitive, using the case folding
     * rules of the US locale.
     * <p>
     * If the {@code name} parameter represents something other than a
     * logical font, i.e. is interpreted as a physical font face or family, and
     * this cannot be mapped by the implementation to a physical font or a
     * compatible alternative, then the font system will map the Font
     * instance to "Dialog", such that for example, the family as reported
     * by {@link #getFamily() getFamily} will be "Dialog".
     *
     * @param name the font name.  This can be a font face name or a font
     * family name, and may represent either a logical font or a physical
     * font found in this {@code GraphicsEnvironment}.
     * The family names for logical fonts are: Dialog, DialogInput,
     * Monospaced, Serif, or SansSerif. Pre-defined String constants exist
     * for all of these names, for example, {@code DIALOG}. If {@code name} is
     * {@code null}, the <em>logical font name</em> of the new
     * {@code Font} as returned by {@code getName()} is set to
     * the name "Default".
     * @param style the style constant for the {@code Font}
     * The style argument is an integer bitmask that may
     * be {@code PLAIN}, or a bitwise union of {@code BOLD} and/or
     * {@code ITALIC} (for example, {@code ITALIC} or {@code BOLD|ITALIC}).
     * If the style argument does not conform to one of the expected
     * integer bitmasks then the style is set to {@code PLAIN}.
     * @param size the point size of the {@code Font}
     * @see GraphicsEnvironment#getAllFonts
     * @see GraphicsEnvironment#getAvailableFontFamilyNames
     * @since 1.0
     */
    public Font(String name, int style, int size) {
        this.name = (name != null) ? name : "Default";
        this.style = (style & ~0x03) == 0 ? style : 0;
        this.size = size;
        this.pointSize = size;
    }

    private Font(String name, int style, float sizePts) {
        this.name = (name != null) ? name : "Default";
        this.style = (style & ~0x03) == 0 ? style : 0;
        this.size = (int)(sizePts + 0.5);
        this.pointSize = sizePts;
    }

    /* This constructor is used by deriveFont when attributes is null */
    private Font(String name, int style, float sizePts,
                 boolean created, Font2DHandle handle) {
        this(name, style, sizePts);
        this.createdFont = created;
        /* Fonts created from a stream will use the same font2D instance
         * as the parent.
         * One exception is that if the derived font is requested to be
         * in a different style, then also check if its a CompositeFont
         * and if so build a new CompositeFont from components of that style.
         * CompositeFonts can only be marked as "created" if they are used
         * to add fall backs to a physical font. And non-composites are
         * always from "Font.createFont()" and shouldn't get this treatment.
         */
        if (created) {
            if (handle.font2D instanceof CompositeFont &&
                handle.font2D.getStyle() != style) {
                FontManager fm = FontManagerFactory.getInstance();
                this.font2DHandle = fm.getNewComposite(null, style, handle);
            } else {
                this.font2DHandle = handle;
            }
        }
    }

    /* used to implement Font.createFont */
    private Font(File fontFile, int fontFormat, boolean isCopy)
        throws FontFormatException {
        this.createdFont = true;
        /* Font2D instances created by this method track their font file
         * so that when the Font2D is GC'd it can also remove the file.
         */
        FontManager fm = FontManagerFactory.getInstance();
        Font2D[] fonts =
            fm.createFont2D(fontFile, fontFormat, false, isCopy);
        this.font2DHandle = fonts[0].handle;
        this.name = this.font2DHandle.font2D.getFontName(Locale.getDefault());
        this.style = Font.PLAIN;
        this.size = 1;
        this.pointSize = 1f;
    }

    /* This constructor is used when one font is derived from another.
     * Fonts created from a stream will use the same font2D instance as the
     * parent. They can be distinguished because the "created" argument
     * will be "true". Since there is no way to recreate these fonts they
     * need to have the handle to the underlying font2D passed in.
     * "created" is also true when a special composite is referenced by the
     * handle for essentially the same reasons.
     * But when deriving a font in these cases two particular attributes
     * need special attention: family/face and style.
     * The "composites" in these cases need to be recreated with optimal
     * fonts for the new values of family and style.
     * For fonts created with createFont() these are treated differently.
     * JDK can often synthesise a different style (bold from plain
     * for example). For fonts created with "createFont" this is a reasonable
     * solution but its also possible (although rare) to derive a font with a
     * different family attribute. In this case JDK needs
     * to break the tie with the original Font2D and find a new Font.
     * The oldName and oldStyle are supplied so they can be compared with
     * what the Font2D and the values. To speed things along :
     * oldName == null will be interpreted as the name is unchanged.
     * oldStyle = -1 will be interpreted as the style is unchanged.
     * In these cases there is no need to interrogate "values".
     */
    private Font(AttributeValues values, String oldName, int oldStyle,
                 boolean created, Font2DHandle handle) {

        this.createdFont = created;
        if (created) {
            this.font2DHandle = handle;

            String newName = null;
            if (oldName != null) {
                newName = values.getFamily();
                if (oldName.equals(newName)) newName = null;
            }
            int newStyle = 0;
            if (oldStyle == -1) {
                newStyle = -1;
            } else {
                if (values.getWeight() >= 2f)   newStyle  = BOLD;
                if (values.getPosture() >= .2f) newStyle |= ITALIC;
                if (oldStyle == newStyle)       newStyle  = -1;
            }
            if (handle.font2D instanceof CompositeFont) {
                if (newStyle != -1 || newName != null) {
                    FontManager fm = FontManagerFactory.getInstance();
                    this.font2DHandle =
                        fm.getNewComposite(newName, newStyle, handle);
                }
            } else if (newName != null) {
                this.createdFont = false;
                this.font2DHandle = null;
            }
        }
        initFromValues(values);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} with the specified attributes.
     * Only keys defined in {@link java.awt.font.TextAttribute TextAttribute}
     * are recognized.  In addition the FONT attribute is
     *  not recognized by this constructor
     * (see {@link #getAvailableAttributes}). Only attributes that have
     * values of valid types will affect the new {@code Font}.
     * <p>
     * If {@code attributes} is {@code null}, a new
     * {@code Font} is initialized with default values.
     * @see java.awt.font.TextAttribute
     * @param attributes the attributes to assign to the new
     *          {@code Font}, or {@code null}
     */
    public Font(Map<? extends Attribute, ?> attributes) {
        initFromValues(AttributeValues.fromMap(attributes, RECOGNIZED_MASK));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} from the specified {@code font}.
     * This constructor is intended for use by subclasses.
     * @param font from which to create this {@code Font}.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code font} is null
     * @since 1.6
     */
    protected Font(Font font) {
        if (font.values != null) {
            initFromValues(font.getAttributeValues().clone());
        } else {
            this.name = font.name;
            this.style = font.style;
            this.size = font.size;
            this.pointSize = font.pointSize;
        }
        this.font2DHandle = font.font2DHandle;
        this.createdFont = font.createdFont;
    }

    /**
     * Font recognizes all attributes except FONT.
     */
    private static final int RECOGNIZED_MASK = AttributeValues.MASK_ALL
        & ~AttributeValues.getMask(EFONT);

    /**
     * These attributes are considered primary by the FONT attribute.
     */
    private static final int PRIMARY_MASK =
        AttributeValues.getMask(EFAMILY, EWEIGHT, EWIDTH, EPOSTURE, ESIZE,
                                ETRANSFORM, ESUPERSCRIPT, ETRACKING);

    /**
     * These attributes are considered secondary by the FONT attribute.
     */
    private static final int SECONDARY_MASK =
        RECOGNIZED_MASK & ~PRIMARY_MASK;

    /**
     * These attributes are handled by layout.
     */
    private static final int LAYOUT_MASK =
        AttributeValues.getMask(ECHAR_REPLACEMENT, EFOREGROUND, EBACKGROUND,
                                EUNDERLINE, ESTRIKETHROUGH, ERUN_DIRECTION,
                                EBIDI_EMBEDDING, EJUSTIFICATION,
                                EINPUT_METHOD_HIGHLIGHT, EINPUT_METHOD_UNDERLINE,
                                ESWAP_COLORS, ENUMERIC_SHAPING, EKERNING,
                                ELIGATURES, ETRACKING, ESUPERSCRIPT);

    private static final int EXTRA_MASK =
            AttributeValues.getMask(ETRANSFORM, ESUPERSCRIPT, EWIDTH);

    /**
     * Initialize the standard Font fields from the values object.
     */
    private void initFromValues(AttributeValues values) {
        this.values = values;
        values.defineAll(PRIMARY_MASK); // for 1.5 streaming compatibility

        this.name = values.getFamily();
        this.pointSize = values.getSize();
        this.size = (int)(values.getSize() + 0.5);
        if (values.getWeight() >= 2f) this.style |= BOLD; // not == 2f
        if (values.getPosture() >= .2f) this.style |= ITALIC; // not  == .2f

        this.nonIdentityTx = values.anyNonDefault(EXTRA_MASK);
        this.hasLayoutAttributes =  values.anyNonDefault(LAYOUT_MASK);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if any part of the specified text is from a
     * complex script for which the implementation will need to invoke
     * layout processing in order to render correctly when using
     * {@link Graphics#drawString(String,int,int) drawString(String,int,int)}
     * and other text rendering methods. Measurement of the text
     * may similarly need the same extra processing.
     * The {@code start} and {@code end} indices are provided so that
     * the application can request only a subset of the text be considered.
     * The last char index examined is at {@code "end-1"},
     * i.e a request to examine the entire array would be
     * <pre>
     * {@code Font.textRequiresLayout(chars, 0, chars.length);}
     * </pre>
     * An application may find this information helpful in
     * performance sensitive code.
     * <p>
     * Note that even if this method returns {@code false}, layout processing
     * may still be invoked when used with any {@code Font}
     * for which {@link #hasLayoutAttributes()} returns {@code true},
     * so that method will need to be consulted for the specific font,
     * in order to obtain an answer which accounts for such font attributes.
     *
     * @param chars the text.
     * @param start the index of the first char to examine.
     * @param end the ending index, exclusive.
     * @return {@code true} if the specified text will need special layout.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code chars} is null.
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code start} is negative or
     * {@code end} is greater than the length of the {@code chars} array.
     * @since 9
     */
    public static boolean textRequiresLayout(char[] chars,
                                             int start, int end) {
        if (chars == null) {
           throw new NullPointerException("null char array");
        }
        if (start < 0 || end > chars.length) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("start < 0 or end > len");
        }
        return FontUtilities.isComplexScript(chars, start, end);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code Font} appropriate to the attributes.
     * If {@code attributes} contains a {@code FONT} attribute
     * with a valid {@code Font} as its value, it will be
     * merged with any remaining attributes.  See
     * {@link java.awt.font.TextAttribute#FONT} for more
     * information.
     *
     * @param attributes the attributes to assign to the new
     *          {@code Font}
     * @return a new {@code Font} created with the specified
     *          attributes
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code attributes} is null.
     * @since 1.2
     * @see java.awt.font.TextAttribute
     */
    public static Font getFont(Map<? extends Attribute, ?> attributes) {
        // optimize for two cases:
        // 1) FONT attribute, and nothing else
        // 2) attributes, but no FONT

        // avoid turning the attributemap into a regular map for no reason
        if (attributes instanceof AttributeMap &&
            ((AttributeMap)attributes).getValues() != null) {
            AttributeValues values = ((AttributeMap)attributes).getValues();
            if (values.isNonDefault(EFONT)) {
                Font font = values.getFont();
                if (!values.anyDefined(SECONDARY_MASK)) {
                    return font;
                }
                // merge
                values = font.getAttributeValues().clone();
                values.merge(attributes, SECONDARY_MASK);
                return new Font(values, font.name, font.style,
                                font.createdFont, font.font2DHandle);
            }
            return new Font(attributes);
        }

        Font font = (Font)attributes.get(TextAttribute.FONT);
        if (font != null) {
            if (attributes.size() > 1) { // oh well, check for anything else
                AttributeValues values = font.getAttributeValues().clone();
                values.merge(attributes, SECONDARY_MASK);
                return new Font(values, font.name, font.style,
                                font.createdFont, font.font2DHandle);
            }

            return font;
        }

        return new Font(attributes);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new array of {@code Font} decoded from the specified stream.
     * The returned {@code Font[]} will have at least one element.
     * <p>
     * The explicit purpose of this variation on the
     * {@code createFont(int, InputStream)} method is to support font
     * sources which represent a TrueType/OpenType font collection and
     * be able to return all individual fonts in that collection.
     * Consequently this method will throw {@code FontFormatException}
     * if the data source does not contain at least one TrueType/OpenType
     * font. The same exception will also be thrown if any of the fonts in
     * the collection does not contain the required font tables.
     * <p>
     * The condition "at least one", allows for the stream to represent
     * a single OpenType/TrueType font. That is, it does not have to be
     * a collection.
     * Each {@code Font} element of the returned array is
     * created with a point size of 1 and style {@link #PLAIN PLAIN}.
     * This base font can then be used with the {@code deriveFont}
     * methods in this class to derive new {@code Font} objects with
     * varying sizes, styles, transforms and font features.
     * <p>This method does not close the {@link InputStream}.
     * <p>
     * To make each {@code Font} available to Font constructors it
     * must be registered in the {@code GraphicsEnvironment} by calling
     * {@link GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font) registerFont(Font)}.
     * @param fontStream an {@code InputStream} object representing the
     * input data for the font or font collection.
     * @return a new {@code Font[]}.
     * @throws FontFormatException if the {@code fontStream} data does
     *     not contain the required font tables for any of the elements of
     *     the collection, or if it contains no fonts at all.
     * @throws IOException if the {@code fontStream} cannot be completely read.
     * @see GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font)
     * @since 9
     */
    public static Font[] createFonts(InputStream fontStream)
        throws FontFormatException, IOException {

        return createFont0(Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, fontStream, true);
    }

    /* used to implement Font.createFont */
    private Font(Font2D font2D) {

        this.createdFont = true;
        this.font2DHandle = font2D.handle;
        this.name = font2D.getFontName(Locale.getDefault());
        this.style = Font.PLAIN;
        this.size = 1;
        this.pointSize = 1f;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new array of {@code Font} decoded from the specified file.
     * The returned {@code Font[]} will have at least one element.
     * <p>
     * The explicit purpose of this variation on the
     * {@code createFont(int, File)} method is to support font
     * sources which represent a TrueType/OpenType font collection and
     * be able to return all individual fonts in that collection.
     * Consequently this method will throw {@code FontFormatException}
     * if the data source does not contain at least one TrueType/OpenType
     * font. The same exception will also be thrown if any of the fonts in
     * the collection does not contain the required font tables.
     * <p>
     * The condition "at least one", allows for the stream to represent
     * a single OpenType/TrueType font. That is, it does not have to be
     * a collection.
     * Each {@code Font} element of the returned array is
     * created with a point size of 1 and style {@link #PLAIN PLAIN}.
     * This base font can then be used with the {@code deriveFont}
     * methods in this class to derive new {@code Font} objects with
     * varying sizes, styles, transforms and font features.
     * <p>
     * To make each {@code Font} available to Font constructors it
     * must be registered in the {@code GraphicsEnvironment} by calling
     * {@link GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font) registerFont(Font)}.
     * @param fontFile a {@code File} object containing the
     * input data for the font or font collection.
     * @return a new {@code Font[]}.
     * @throws FontFormatException if the {@code File} does
     *     not contain the required font tables for any of the elements of
     *     the collection, or if it contains no fonts at all.
     * @throws IOException if the {@code fontFile} cannot be read.
     * @see GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font)
     * @since 9
     */
    public static Font[] createFonts(File fontFile)
            throws FontFormatException, IOException
    {
        int fontFormat = Font.TRUETYPE_FONT;
        fontFile = checkFontFile(fontFormat, fontFile);
        FontManager fm = FontManagerFactory.getInstance();
        Font2D[] font2DArr =
            fm.createFont2D(fontFile, fontFormat, true, false);
        int num = font2DArr.length;
        Font[] fonts = new Font[num];
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
           fonts[i] = new Font(font2DArr[i]);
        }
        return fonts;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code Font} using the specified font type
     * and input data.  The new {@code Font} is
     * created with a point size of 1 and style {@link #PLAIN PLAIN}.
     * This base font can then be used with the {@code deriveFont}
     * methods in this class to derive new {@code Font} objects with
     * varying sizes, styles, transforms and font features.  This
     * method does not close the {@link InputStream}.
     * <p>
     * To make the {@code Font} available to Font constructors the
     * returned {@code Font} must be registered in the
     * {@code GraphicsEnvironment} by calling
     * {@link GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font) registerFont(Font)}.
     * @param fontFormat the type of the {@code Font}, which is
     * {@link #TRUETYPE_FONT TRUETYPE_FONT} if a TrueType resource is specified.
     * or {@link #TYPE1_FONT TYPE1_FONT} if a Type 1 resource is specified.
     * @param fontStream an {@code InputStream} object representing the
     * input data for the font.
     * @return a new {@code Font} created with the specified font type.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code fontFormat} is not
     *     {@code TRUETYPE_FONT} or {@code TYPE1_FONT}.
     * @throws FontFormatException if the {@code fontStream} data does
     *     not contain the required font tables for the specified format.
     * @throws IOException if the {@code fontStream}
     *     cannot be completely read.
     * @see GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font)
     * @since 1.3
     */
    public static Font createFont(int fontFormat, InputStream fontStream)
        throws java.awt.FontFormatException, java.io.IOException {

        return createFont0(fontFormat, fontStream, false)[0];
    }

    private static Font[] createFont0(int fontFormat, InputStream fontStream,
                                      boolean allFonts)
        throws java.awt.FontFormatException, java.io.IOException {

        if (fontFormat != Font.TRUETYPE_FONT &&
            fontFormat != Font.TYPE1_FONT) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("font format not recognized");
        }
        boolean copiedFontData = false;
        try {
            final File tFile = Files.createTempFile("+~JF", ".tmp").toFile();
            int totalSize = 0;
            try {
                final OutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(tFile);
                try (outStream) { /* don't close the input stream */
                    byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
                    for (;;) {
                        int bytesRead = fontStream.read(buf);
                        if (bytesRead < 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        outStream.write(buf, 0, bytesRead);
                    }
                }
                copiedFontData = true;
                FontManager fm = FontManagerFactory.getInstance();
                 Font2D[] font2DArr =
                    fm.createFont2D(tFile, fontFormat, allFonts, true);
                int num = font2DArr.length;
                Font[] fonts = new Font[num];
                for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
                   fonts[i] = new Font(font2DArr[i]);
                }
                return fonts;
            } finally {
                if (!copiedFontData) {
                    tFile.delete();
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            if (t instanceof FontFormatException) {
                throw (FontFormatException)t;
            }
            if (t instanceof IOException) {
                throw (IOException)t;
            }
            Throwable cause = t.getCause();
            if (cause instanceof FontFormatException) {
                throw (FontFormatException)cause;
            }
            throw new IOException("Problem reading font data.");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code Font} using the specified font type
     * and the specified font file.  The new {@code Font} is
     * created with a point size of 1 and style {@link #PLAIN PLAIN}.
     * This base font can then be used with the {@code deriveFont}
     * methods in this class to derive new {@code Font} objects with
     * varying sizes, styles, transforms and font features.
     * @param fontFormat the type of the {@code Font}, which is
     * {@link #TRUETYPE_FONT TRUETYPE_FONT} if a TrueType resource is
     * specified or {@link #TYPE1_FONT TYPE1_FONT} if a Type 1 resource is
     * specified.
     * So long as the returned font, or its derived fonts are referenced
     * the implementation may continue to access {@code fontFile}
     * to retrieve font data. Thus the results are undefined if the file
     * is changed, or becomes inaccessible.
     * <p>
     * To make the {@code Font} available to Font constructors the
     * returned {@code Font} must be registered in the
     * {@code GraphicsEnvironment} by calling
     * {@link GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font) registerFont(Font)}.
     * @param fontFile a {@code File} object representing the
     * input data for the font.
     * @return a new {@code Font} created with the specified font type.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code fontFormat} is not
     *     {@code TRUETYPE_FONT} or {@code TYPE1_FONT}.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code fontFile} is null.
     * @throws IOException if the {@code fontFile} cannot be read.
     * @throws FontFormatException if {@code fontFile} does
     *     not contain the required font tables for the specified format.
     * @see GraphicsEnvironment#registerFont(Font)
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static Font createFont(int fontFormat, File fontFile)
        throws java.awt.FontFormatException, java.io.IOException {

        fontFile = checkFontFile(fontFormat, fontFile);
        return new Font(fontFile, fontFormat, false);
    }

    private static File checkFontFile(int fontFormat, File fontFile)
        throws FontFormatException, IOException {

        fontFile = new File(fontFile.getPath());

        if (fontFormat != Font.TRUETYPE_FONT &&
            fontFormat != Font.TYPE1_FONT) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException ("font format not recognized");
        }
        if (!fontFile.canRead()) {
            throw new IOException("Can't read " + fontFile);
        }
        return fontFile;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a copy of the transform associated with this
     * {@code Font}.  This transform is not necessarily the one
     * used to construct the font.  If the font has algorithmic
     * superscripting or width adjustment, this will be incorporated
     * into the returned {@code AffineTransform}.
     * <p>
     * Typically, fonts will not be transformed.  Clients generally
     * should call {@link #isTransformed} first, and only call this
     * method if {@code isTransformed} returns true.
     *
     * @return an {@link AffineTransform} object representing the
     *          transform attribute of this {@code Font} object.
     */
    public AffineTransform getTransform() {
        /* The most common case is the identity transform.  Most callers
         * should call isTransformed() first, to decide if they need to
         * get the transform, but some may not.  Here we check to see
         * if we have a nonidentity transform, and only do the work to
         * fetch and/or compute it if so, otherwise we return a new
         * identity transform.
         *
         * Note that the transform is _not_ necessarily the same as
         * the transform passed in as an Attribute in a Map, as the
         * transform returned will also reflect the effects of WIDTH and
         * SUPERSCRIPT attributes.  Clients who want the actual transform
         * need to call getRequestedAttributes.
         */
        if (nonIdentityTx) {
            AttributeValues values = getAttributeValues();

            AffineTransform at = values.isNonDefault(ETRANSFORM)
                ? new AffineTransform(values.getTransform())
                : new AffineTransform();

            if (values.getSuperscript() != 0) {
                // can't get ascent and descent here, recursive call to this fn,
                // so use pointsize
                // let users combine super- and sub-scripting

                int superscript = values.getSuperscript();

                double trans = 0;
                int n = 0;
                boolean up = superscript > 0;
                int sign = up ? -1 : 1;
                int ss = up ? superscript : -superscript;

                while ((ss & 7) > n) {
                    int newn = ss & 7;
                    trans += sign * (ssinfo[newn] - ssinfo[n]);
                    ss >>= 3;
                    sign = -sign;
                    n = newn;
                }
                trans *= pointSize;
                double scale = Math.pow(2./3., n);

                at.preConcatenate(AffineTransform.getTranslateInstance(0, trans));
                at.scale(scale, scale);

                // note on placement and italics
                // We preconcatenate the transform because we don't want to translate along
                // the italic angle, but purely perpendicular to the baseline.  While this
                // looks ok for superscripts, it can lead subscripts to stack on each other
                // and bring the following text too close.  The way we deal with potential
                // collisions that can occur in the case of italics is by adjusting the
                // horizontal spacing of the adjacent glyphvectors.  Examine the italic
                // angle of both vectors, if one is non-zero, compute the minimum ascent
                // and descent, and then the x position at each for each vector along its
                // italic angle starting from its (offset) baseline.  Compute the difference
                // between the x positions and use the maximum difference to adjust the
                // position of the right gv.
            }

            if (values.isNonDefault(EWIDTH)) {
                at.scale(values.getWidth(), 1f);
            }

            return at;
        }

        return new AffineTransform();
    }

    // x = r^0 + r^1 + r^2... r^n
    // rx = r^1 + r^2 + r^3... r^(n+1)
    // x - rx = r^0 - r^(n+1)
    // x (1 - r) = r^0 - r^(n+1)
    // x = (r^0 - r^(n+1)) / (1 - r)
    // x = (1 - r^(n+1)) / (1 - r)

    // scale ratio is 2/3
    // trans = 1/2 of ascent * x
    // assume ascent is 3/4 of point size

    private static final float[] ssinfo = {
        0.0f,
        0.375f,
        0.625f,
        0.7916667f,
        0.9027778f,
        0.9768519f,
        1.0262346f,
        1.0591564f,
    };

    /**
     * Returns the family name of this {@code Font}.
     *
     * <p>The family name of a font is font specific. Two fonts such as
     * Helvetica Italic and Helvetica Bold have the same family name,
     * <i>Helvetica</i>, whereas their font face names are
     * <i>Helvetica Bold</i> and <i>Helvetica Italic</i>. The list of
     * available family names may be obtained by using the
     * {@link GraphicsEnvironment#getAvailableFontFamilyNames()} method.
     *
     * <p>Use {@code getName} to get the logical name of the font.
     * Use {@code getFontName} to get the font face name of the font.
     * @return a {@code String} that is the family name of this
     *          {@code Font}.
     *
     * @see #getName
     * @see #getFontName
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public String getFamily() {
        return getFamily_NoClientCode();
    }
    // NOTE: This method is called by privileged threads.
    //       We implement this functionality in a package-private
    //       method to insure that it cannot be overridden by client
    //       subclasses.
    //       DO NOT INVOKE CLIENT CODE ON THIS THREAD!
    final String getFamily_NoClientCode() {
        return getFamily(Locale.getDefault());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the family name of this {@code Font}, localized for
     * the specified locale.
     *
     * <p>The family name of a font is font specific. Two fonts such as
     * Helvetica Italic and Helvetica Bold have the same family name,
     * <i>Helvetica</i>, whereas their font face names are
     * <i>Helvetica Bold</i> and <i>Helvetica Italic</i>. The list of
     * available family names may be obtained by using the
     * {@link GraphicsEnvironment#getAvailableFontFamilyNames()} method.
     *
     * <p>Use {@code getFontName} to get the font face name of the font.
     * @param l locale for which to get the family name
     * @return a {@code String} representing the family name of the
     *          font, localized for the specified locale.
     * @see #getFontName
     * @see java.util.Locale
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public String getFamily(Locale l) {
        if (l == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null locale doesn't mean default");
        }
        return getFont2D().getFamilyName(l);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the postscript name of this {@code Font}.
     * Use {@code getFamily} to get the family name of the font.
     * Use {@code getFontName} to get the font face name of the font.
     * @return a {@code String} representing the postscript name of
     *          this {@code Font}.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public String getPSName() {
        return getFont2D().getPostscriptName();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the logical name of this {@code Font}.
     * Use {@code getFamily} to get the family name of the font.
     * Use {@code getFontName} to get the font face name of the font.
     * @return a {@code String} representing the logical name of
     *          this {@code Font}.
     * @see #getFamily
     * @see #getFontName
     * @since 1.0
     */
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the font face name of this {@code Font}.  For example,
     * Helvetica Bold could be returned as a font face name.
     * Use {@code getFamily} to get the family name of the font.
     * Use {@code getName} to get the logical name of the font.
     * @return a {@code String} representing the font face name of
     *          this {@code Font}.
     * @see #getFamily
     * @see #getName
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public String getFontName() {
      return getFontName(Locale.getDefault());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the font face name of the {@code Font}, localized
     * for the specified locale. For example, Helvetica Fett could be
     * returned as the font face name.
     * Use {@code getFamily} to get the family name of the font.
     * @param l a locale for which to get the font face name
     * @return a {@code String} representing the font face name,
     *          localized for the specified locale.
     * @see #getFamily
     * @see java.util.Locale
     */
    public String getFontName(Locale l) {
        if (l == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null locale doesn't mean default");
        }
        return getFont2D().getFontName(l);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the style of this {@code Font}.  The style can be
     * PLAIN, BOLD, ITALIC, or BOLD+ITALIC.
     * @return the style of this {@code Font}
     * @see #isPlain
     * @see #isBold
     * @see #isItalic
     * @since 1.0
     */
    public int getStyle() {
        return style;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the point size of this {@code Font}, rounded to
     * an integer.
     * Most users are familiar with the idea of using <i>point size</i> to
     * specify the size of glyphs in a font. This point size defines a
     * measurement between the baseline of one line to the baseline of the
     * following line in a single spaced text document. The point size is
     * based on <i>typographic points</i>, approximately 1/72 of an inch.
     * <p>
     * The Java(tm)2D API adopts the convention that one point is
     * equivalent to one unit in user coordinates.  When using a
     * normalized transform for converting user space coordinates to
     * device space coordinates 72 user
     * space units equal 1 inch in device space.  In this case one point
     * is 1/72 of an inch.
     * @return the point size of this {@code Font} in 1/72 of an
     *          inch units.
     * @see #getSize2D
     * @see GraphicsConfiguration#getDefaultTransform
     * @see GraphicsConfiguration#getNormalizingTransform
     * @since 1.0
     */
    public int getSize() {
        return size;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the point size of this {@code Font} in
     * {@code float} value.
     * @return the point size of this {@code Font} as a
     * {@code float} value.
     * @see #getSize
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public float getSize2D() {
        return pointSize;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether or not this {@code Font} object's style is
     * PLAIN.
     * @return    {@code true} if this {@code Font} has a
     *            PLAIN style;
     *            {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see       java.awt.Font#getStyle
     * @since     1.0
     */
    public boolean isPlain() {
        return style == 0;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether or not this {@code Font} object's style is
     * BOLD.
     * @return    {@code true} if this {@code Font} object's
     *            style is BOLD;
     *            {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see       java.awt.Font#getStyle
     * @since     1.0
     */
    public boolean isBold() {
        return (style & BOLD) != 0;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether or not this {@code Font} object's style is
     * ITALIC.
     * @return    {@code true} if this {@code Font} object's
     *            style is ITALIC;
     *            {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see       java.awt.Font#getStyle
     * @since     1.0
     */
    public boolean isItalic() {
        return (style & ITALIC) != 0;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether or not this {@code Font} object has a
     * transform that affects its size in addition to the Size
     * attribute.
     * @return  {@code true} if this {@code Font} object
     *          has a non-identity AffineTransform attribute.
     *          {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see     java.awt.Font#getTransform
     * @since   1.4
     */
    public boolean isTransformed() {
        return nonIdentityTx;
    }

    /**
     * Return true if this Font contains attributes that require extra
     * layout processing.
     * @return true if the font has layout attributes
     * @since 1.6
     */
    public boolean hasLayoutAttributes() {
        return hasLayoutAttributes;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code Font} object from the system properties list.
     * {@code nm} is treated as the name of a system property to be
     * obtained.  The {@code String} value of this property is then
     * interpreted as a {@code Font} object according to the
     * specification of {@code Font.decode(String)}
     * If the specified property is not found, null is returned instead.
     *
     * @param nm the property name
     * @return a {@code Font} object that the property name
     *          describes, or null if no such property exists.
     * @throws NullPointerException if nm is null.
     * @since 1.2
     * @see #decode(String)
     */
    public static Font getFont(String nm) {
        return getFont(nm, null);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@code Font} that the {@code str}
     * argument describes.
     * To ensure that this method returns the desired Font,
     * format the {@code str} parameter in
     * one of these ways
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li><em>fontname-style-pointsize</em>
     * <li><em>fontname-pointsize</em>
     * <li><em>fontname-style</em>
     * <li><em>fontname</em>
     * <li><em>fontname style pointsize</em>
     * <li><em>fontname pointsize</em>
     * <li><em>fontname style</em>
     * <li><em>fontname</em>
     * </ul>
     * in which <i>style</i> is one of the four
     * case-insensitive strings:
     * {@code "PLAIN"}, {@code "BOLD"}, {@code "BOLDITALIC"}, or
     * {@code "ITALIC"}, and pointsize is a positive decimal integer
     * representation of the point size.
     * For example, if you want a font that is Arial, bold, with
     * a point size of 18, you would call this method with:
     * "Arial-BOLD-18".
     * This is equivalent to calling the Font constructor :
     * {@code new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 18);}
     * and the values are interpreted as specified by that constructor.
     * <p>
     * A valid trailing decimal field is always interpreted as the pointsize.
     * Therefore a fontname containing a trailing decimal value should not
     * be used in the fontname only form.
     * <p>
     * If a style name field is not one of the valid style strings, it is
     * interpreted as part of the font name, and the default style is used.
     * <p>
     * Only one of ' ' or '-' may be used to separate fields in the input.
     * The identified separator is the one closest to the end of the string
     * which separates a valid pointsize, or a valid style name from
     * the rest of the string.
     * Null (empty) pointsize and style fields are treated
     * as valid fields with the default value for that field.
     *<p>
     * Some font names may include the separator characters ' ' or '-'.
     * If {@code str} is not formed with 3 components, e.g. such that
     * {@code style} or {@code pointsize} fields are not present in
     * {@code str}, and {@code fontname} also contains a
     * character determined to be the separator character
     * then these characters where they appear as intended to be part of
     * {@code fontname} may instead be interpreted as separators
     * so the font name may not be properly recognised.
     *
     * <p>
     * The default size is 12 and the default style is PLAIN.
     * If {@code str} does not specify a valid size, the returned
     * {@code Font} has a size of 12.  If {@code str} does not
     * specify a valid style, the returned Font has a style of PLAIN.
     * If you do not specify a valid font name in
     * the {@code str} argument, this method will return
     * a font with the family name "Dialog".
     * To determine what font family names are available on
     * your system, use the
     * {@link GraphicsEnvironment#getAvailableFontFamilyNames()} method.
     * If {@code str} is {@code null}, a new {@code Font}
     * is returned with the family name "Dialog", a size of 12 and a
     * PLAIN style.
     * @param str the name of the font, or {@code null}
     * @return the {@code Font} object that {@code str}
     *          describes, or a new default {@code Font} if
     *          {@code str} is {@code null}.
     * @see #getFamily
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public static Font decode(String str) {
        String fontName = str;
        String styleName = "";
        int fontSize = 12;
        int fontStyle = Font.PLAIN;

        if (str == null) {
            return new Font(DIALOG, fontStyle, fontSize);
        }

        int lastHyphen = str.lastIndexOf('-');
        int lastSpace = str.lastIndexOf(' ');
        char sepChar = (lastHyphen > lastSpace) ? '-' : ' ';
        int sizeIndex = str.lastIndexOf(sepChar);
        int styleIndex = str.lastIndexOf(sepChar, sizeIndex-1);
        int strlen = str.length();

        if (sizeIndex > 0 && sizeIndex+1 < strlen) {
            try {
                fontSize = Integer.parseInt(str.substring(sizeIndex+1));
                if (fontSize <= 0) {
                    fontSize = 12;
                }
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                /* It wasn't a valid size, if we didn't also find the
                 * start of the style string perhaps this is the style */
                styleIndex = sizeIndex;
                sizeIndex = strlen;
                if (str.charAt(sizeIndex-1) == sepChar) {
                    sizeIndex--;
                }
            }
        }

        if (styleIndex >= 0 && styleIndex+1 < strlen) {
            styleName = str.substring(styleIndex+1, sizeIndex);
            styleName = styleName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
            if (styleName.equals("bolditalic")) {
                fontStyle = Font.BOLD | Font.ITALIC;
            } else if (styleName.equals("italic")) {
                fontStyle = Font.ITALIC;
            } else if (styleName.equals("bold")) {
                fontStyle = Font.BOLD;
            } else if (styleName.equals("plain")) {
                fontStyle = Font.PLAIN;
            } else {
                /* this string isn't any of the expected styles, so
                 * assume its part of the font name
                 */
                styleIndex = sizeIndex;
                if (str.charAt(styleIndex-1) == sepChar) {
                    styleIndex--;
                }
            }
            fontName = str.substring(0, styleIndex);

        } else {
            int fontEnd = strlen;
            if (styleIndex > 0) {
                fontEnd = styleIndex;
            } else if (sizeIndex > 0) {
                fontEnd = sizeIndex;
            }
            if (fontEnd > 0 && str.charAt(fontEnd-1) == sepChar) {
                fontEnd--;
            }
            fontName = str.substring(0, fontEnd);
        }

        return new Font(fontName, fontStyle, fontSize);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the specified {@code Font} from the system properties
     * list.  As in the {@code getProperty} method of
     * {@code System}, the first
     * argument is treated as the name of a system property to be
     * obtained.  The {@code String} value of this property is then
     * interpreted as a {@code Font} object.
     * <p>
     * The property value should be one of the forms accepted by
     * {@code Font.decode(String)}
     * If the specified property is not found, the {@code font}
     * argument is returned instead.
     * @param nm the case-insensitive property name
     * @param font a default {@code Font} to return if property
     *          {@code nm} is not defined
     * @return    the {@code Font} value of the property.
     * @throws NullPointerException if nm is null.
     * @see #decode(String)
     */
    public static Font getFont(String nm, Font font) {
        String str = System.getProperty(nm);
        if (str == null) {
            return font;
        }
        return decode ( str );
    }

    transient int hash;
    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this {@code Font}.
     * @return     a hashcode value for this {@code Font}.
     * @since      1.0
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        if (hash == 0) {
            hash = name.hashCode() ^ style ^ size;
            /* It is possible many fonts differ only in transform.
             * So include the transform in the hash calculation.
             * nonIdentityTx is set whenever there is a transform in
             * 'values'. The tests for null are required because it can
             * also be set for other reasons.
             */
            if (nonIdentityTx &&
                values != null && values.getTransform() != null) {
                hash ^= values.getTransform().hashCode();
            }
        }
        return hash;
    }

    /**
     * Compares this {@code Font} object to the specified
     * {@code Object}.
     * @param obj the {@code Object} to compare
     * @return {@code true} if the objects are the same
     *          or if the argument is a {@code Font} object
     *          describing the same font as this object;
     *          {@code false} otherwise.
     * @since 1.0
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == this) {
            return true;
        }

        if (obj instanceof Font) {
            Font font = (Font)obj;
            if (size == font.size &&
                style == font.style &&
                nonIdentityTx == font.nonIdentityTx &&
                hasLayoutAttributes == font.hasLayoutAttributes &&
                pointSize == font.pointSize &&
                name.equals(font.name)) {

                /* 'values' is usually initialized lazily, except when
                 * the font is constructed from a Map, or derived using
                 * a Map or other values. So if only one font has
                 * the field initialized we need to initialize it in
                 * the other instance and compare.
                 */
                if (values == null) {
                    if (font.values == null) {
                        return true;
                    } else {
                        return getAttributeValues().equals(font.values);
                    }
                } else {
                    return values.equals(font.getAttributeValues());
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Converts this {@code Font} object to a {@code String}
     * representation.
     * @return     a {@code String} representation of this
     *          {@code Font} object.
     * @since      1.0
     */
    // NOTE: This method may be called by privileged threads.
    //       DO NOT INVOKE CLIENT CODE ON THIS THREAD!
    public String toString() {
        String  strStyle;

        if (isBold()) {
            strStyle = isItalic() ? "bolditalic" : "bold";
        } else {
            strStyle = isItalic() ? "italic" : "plain";
        }

        return getClass().getName() + "[family=" + getFamily() + ",name=" + name + ",style=" +
            strStyle + ",size=" + size + "]";
    } // toString()


    /** Serialization support.  A {@code readObject}
     *  method is necessary because the constructor creates
     *  the font's peer, and we can't serialize the peer.
     *  Similarly the computed font "family" may be different
     *  at {@code readObject} time than at
     *  {@code writeObject} time.  An integer version is
     *  written so that future versions of this class will be
     *  able to recognize serialized output from this one.
     */
    /**
     * The {@code Font} Serializable Data Form.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int fontSerializedDataVersion = 1;

    /**
     * Writes default serializable fields to a stream.
     *
     * @param  s the {@code ObjectOutputStream} to write
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     * @see AWTEventMulticaster#save(ObjectOutputStream, String, EventListener)
     * @see #readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream)
     */
    @Serial
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
      throws java.io.IOException
    {
        if (values != null) {
          synchronized(values) {
            // transient
            fRequestedAttributes = values.toSerializableHashtable();
            s.defaultWriteObject();
            fRequestedAttributes = null;
          }
        } else {
          s.defaultWriteObject();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reads the {@code ObjectInputStream}.
     * Unrecognized keys or values will be ignored.
     *
     * @param  s the {@code ObjectInputStream} to read
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class of a serialized object could
     *         not be found
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     *
     * @see #writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream)
     */
    @Serial
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
      throws java.lang.ClassNotFoundException,
             java.io.IOException
    {
        s.defaultReadObject();
        if (pointSize == 0) {
            pointSize = (float)size;
        }

        // Handle fRequestedAttributes.
        // in 1.5, we always streamed out the font values plus
        // TRANSFORM, SUPERSCRIPT, and WIDTH, regardless of whether the
        // values were default or not.  In 1.6 we only stream out
        // defined values.  So, 1.6 streams in from a 1.5 stream,
        // it check each of these values and 'undefines' it if the
        // value is the default.

        if (fRequestedAttributes != null) {
            try {
            values = getAttributeValues(); // init
            AttributeValues extras =
                AttributeValues.fromSerializableHashtable(fRequestedAttributes);
            if (!AttributeValues.is16Hashtable(fRequestedAttributes)) {
                extras.unsetDefault(); // if legacy stream, undefine these
            }
            values = getAttributeValues().merge(extras);
            this.nonIdentityTx = values.anyNonDefault(EXTRA_MASK);
            this.hasLayoutAttributes =  values.anyNonDefault(LAYOUT_MASK);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                throw new IOException(t);
            } finally {
            fRequestedAttributes = null; // don't need it any more
        }
    }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of glyphs in this {@code Font}. Glyph codes
     * for this {@code Font} range from 0 to
     * {@code getNumGlyphs()} - 1.
     * @return the number of glyphs in this {@code Font}.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public int getNumGlyphs() {
        return  getFont2D().getNumGlyphs();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the glyphCode which is used when this {@code Font}
     * does not have a glyph for a specified unicode code point.
     * @return the glyphCode of this {@code Font}.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public int getMissingGlyphCode() {
        return getFont2D().getMissingGlyphCode();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the baseline appropriate for displaying this character.
     * <p>
     * Large fonts can support different writing systems, and each system can
     * use a different baseline.
     * The character argument determines the writing system to use. Clients
     * should not assume all characters use the same baseline.
     *
     * @param c a character used to identify the writing system
     * @return the baseline appropriate for the specified character.
     * @see LineMetrics#getBaselineOffsets
     * @see #ROMAN_BASELINE
     * @see #CENTER_BASELINE
     * @see #HANGING_BASELINE
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public byte getBaselineFor(char c) {
        return getFont2D().getBaselineFor(c);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a map of font attributes available in this
     * {@code Font}.  Attributes include things like ligatures and
     * glyph substitution.
     * @return the attributes map of this {@code Font}.
     */
    public Map<TextAttribute,?> getAttributes(){
        return new AttributeMap(getAttributeValues());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the keys of all the attributes supported by this
     * {@code Font}.  These attributes can be used to derive other
     * fonts.
     * @return an array containing the keys of all the attributes
     *          supported by this {@code Font}.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Attribute[] getAvailableAttributes() {
        // FONT is not supported by Font

        Attribute[] attributes = {
            TextAttribute.FAMILY,
            TextAttribute.WEIGHT,
            TextAttribute.WIDTH,
            TextAttribute.POSTURE,
            TextAttribute.SIZE,
            TextAttribute.TRANSFORM,
            TextAttribute.SUPERSCRIPT,
            TextAttribute.CHAR_REPLACEMENT,
            TextAttribute.FOREGROUND,
            TextAttribute.BACKGROUND,
            TextAttribute.UNDERLINE,
            TextAttribute.STRIKETHROUGH,
            TextAttribute.RUN_DIRECTION,
            TextAttribute.BIDI_EMBEDDING,
            TextAttribute.JUSTIFICATION,
            TextAttribute.INPUT_METHOD_HIGHLIGHT,
            TextAttribute.INPUT_METHOD_UNDERLINE,
            TextAttribute.SWAP_COLORS,
            TextAttribute.NUMERIC_SHAPING,
            TextAttribute.KERNING,
            TextAttribute.LIGATURES,
            TextAttribute.TRACKING,
        };

        return attributes;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} object by replicating this
     * {@code Font} object and applying a new style and size.
     * @param style the style for the new {@code Font}
     * @param size the size for the new {@code Font}
     * @return a new {@code Font} object.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Font deriveFont(int style, float size){
        if (values == null) {
            return new Font(name, style, size, createdFont, font2DHandle);
        }
        AttributeValues newValues = getAttributeValues().clone();
        int oldStyle = (this.style != style) ? this.style : -1;
        applyStyle(style, newValues);
        newValues.setSize(size);
        return new Font(newValues, null, oldStyle, createdFont, font2DHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} object by replicating this
     * {@code Font} object and applying a new style and transform.
     * @param style the style for the new {@code Font}
     * @param trans the {@code AffineTransform} associated with the
     * new {@code Font}
     * @return a new {@code Font} object.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code trans} is
     *         {@code null}
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Font deriveFont(int style, AffineTransform trans){
        AttributeValues newValues = getAttributeValues().clone();
        int oldStyle = (this.style != style) ? this.style : -1;
        applyStyle(style, newValues);
        applyTransform(trans, newValues);
        return new Font(newValues, null, oldStyle, createdFont, font2DHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} object by replicating the current
     * {@code Font} object and applying a new size to it.
     * @param size the size for the new {@code Font}.
     * @return a new {@code Font} object.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Font deriveFont(float size){
        if (values == null) {
            return new Font(name, style, size, createdFont, font2DHandle);
        }
        AttributeValues newValues = getAttributeValues().clone();
        newValues.setSize(size);
        return new Font(newValues, null, -1, createdFont, font2DHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} object by replicating the current
     * {@code Font} object and applying a new transform to it.
     * @param trans the {@code AffineTransform} associated with the
     * new {@code Font}
     * @return a new {@code Font} object.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code trans} is
     *         {@code null}
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Font deriveFont(AffineTransform trans){
        AttributeValues newValues = getAttributeValues().clone();
        applyTransform(trans, newValues);
        return new Font(newValues, null, -1, createdFont, font2DHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} object by replicating the current
     * {@code Font} object and applying a new style to it.
     * @param style the style for the new {@code Font}
     * @return a new {@code Font} object.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Font deriveFont(int style){
        if (values == null) {
           return new Font(name, style, size, createdFont, font2DHandle);
        }
        AttributeValues newValues = getAttributeValues().clone();
        int oldStyle = (this.style != style) ? this.style : -1;
        applyStyle(style, newValues);
        return new Font(newValues, null, oldStyle, createdFont, font2DHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Font} object by replicating the current
     * {@code Font} object and applying a new set of font attributes
     * to it.
     *
     * @param attributes a map of attributes enabled for the new
     * {@code Font}
     * @return a new {@code Font} object.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Font deriveFont(Map<? extends Attribute, ?> attributes) {
        if (attributes == null) {
            return this;
        }
        AttributeValues newValues = getAttributeValues().clone();
        newValues.merge(attributes, RECOGNIZED_MASK);

        return new Font(newValues, name, style, createdFont, font2DHandle);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if this {@code Font} has a glyph for the specified
     * character.
     *
     * <p> <b>Note:</b> This method cannot handle
     * <a href="../../../java.base/java/lang/Character.html#supplementary">
     * supplementary characters</a>.
     * To support all Unicode characters, including
     * supplementary characters, use the {@link #canDisplay(int)}
     * method or {@code canDisplayUpTo} methods.
     *
     * @param c the character for which a glyph is needed
     * @return {@code true} if this {@code Font} has a glyph for this
     *          character; {@code false} otherwise.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public boolean canDisplay(char c){
        return getFont2D().canDisplay(c);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if this {@code Font} has a glyph for the specified
     * character.
     *
     * @param codePoint the character (Unicode code point) for which a glyph
     *        is needed.
     * @return {@code true} if this {@code Font} has a glyph for the
     *          character; {@code false} otherwise.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the code point is not a valid Unicode
     *          code point.
     * @see Character#isValidCodePoint(int)
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean canDisplay(int codePoint) {
        if (!Character.isValidCodePoint(codePoint)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid code point: " +
                                               Integer.toHexString(codePoint));
        }
        return getFont2D().canDisplay(codePoint);
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether or not this {@code Font} can display a
     * specified {@code String}.  For strings with Unicode encoding,
     * it is important to know if a particular font can display the
     * string. This method returns an offset into the {@code String}
     * {@code str} which is the first character this
     * {@code Font} cannot display without using the missing glyph
     * code. If the {@code Font} can display all characters, -1 is
     * returned.
     * @param str a {@code String} object
     * @return an offset into {@code str} that points
     *          to the first character in {@code str} that this
     *          {@code Font} cannot display; or {@code -1} if
     *          this {@code Font} can display all characters in
     *          {@code str}.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public int canDisplayUpTo(String str) {
        Font2D font2d = getFont2D();
        int len = str.length();
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            char c = str.charAt(i);
            if (font2d.canDisplay(c)) {
                continue;
            }
            if (!Character.isHighSurrogate(c)) {
                return i;
            }
            if (!font2d.canDisplay(str.codePointAt(i))) {
                return i;
            }
            i++;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether or not this {@code Font} can display
     * the characters in the specified {@code text}
     * starting at {@code start} and ending at
     * {@code limit}.  This method is a convenience overload.
     * @param text the specified array of {@code char} values
     * @param start the specified starting offset (in
     *              {@code char}s) into the specified array of
     *              {@code char} values
     * @param limit the specified ending offset (in
     *              {@code char}s) into the specified array of
     *              {@code char} values
     * @return an offset into {@code text} that points
     *          to the first character in {@code text} that this
     *          {@code Font} cannot display; or {@code -1} if
     *          this {@code Font} can display all characters in
     *          {@code text}.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public int canDisplayUpTo(char[] text, int start, int limit) {
        Font2D font2d = getFont2D();
        for (int i = start; i < limit; i++) {
            char c = text[i];
            if (font2d.canDisplay(c)) {
                continue;
            }
            if (!Character.isHighSurrogate(c)) {
                return i;
            }
            if (!font2d.canDisplay(Character.codePointAt(text, i, limit))) {
                return i;
            }
            i++;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Indicates whether or not this {@code Font} can display the
     * text specified by the {@code iter} starting at
     * {@code start} and ending at {@code limit}.
     *
     * @param iter  a {@link CharacterIterator} object
     * @param start the specified starting offset into the specified
     *              {@code CharacterIterator}.
     * @param limit the specified ending offset into the specified
     *              {@code CharacterIterator}.
     * @return an offset into {@code iter} that points
     *          to the first character in {@code iter} that this
     *          {@code Font} cannot display; or {@code -1} if
     *          this {@code Font} can display all characters in
     *          {@code iter}.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public int canDisplayUpTo(CharacterIterator iter, int start, int limit) {
        Font2D font2d = getFont2D();
        char c = iter.setIndex(start);
        for (int i = start; i < limit; i++, c = iter.next()) {
            if (font2d.canDisplay(c)) {
                continue;
            }
            if (!Character.isHighSurrogate(c)) {
                return i;
            }
            char c2 = iter.next();
            // c2 could be CharacterIterator.DONE which is not a low surrogate.
            if (!Character.isLowSurrogate(c2)) {
                return i;
            }
            if (!font2d.canDisplay(Character.toCodePoint(c, c2))) {
                return i;
            }
            i++;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the italic angle of this {@code Font}.  The italic angle
     * is the inverse slope of the caret which best matches the posture of this
     * {@code Font}.
     * @see TextAttribute#POSTURE
     * @return the angle of the ITALIC style of this {@code Font}.
     */
    public float getItalicAngle() {
        return getItalicAngle(null);
    }

    /* The FRC hints don't affect the value of the italic angle but
     * we need to pass them in to look up a strike.
     * If we can pass in ones already being used it can prevent an extra
     * strike from being allocated. Note that since italic angle is
     * a property of the font, the font transform is needed not the
     * device transform. Finally, this is private but the only caller of this
     * in the JDK - and the only likely caller - is in this same class.
     */
    private float getItalicAngle(FontRenderContext frc) {
        Object aa, fm;
        if (frc == null) {
            aa = RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_OFF;
            fm = RenderingHints.VALUE_FRACTIONALMETRICS_OFF;
        } else {
            aa = frc.getAntiAliasingHint();
            fm = frc.getFractionalMetricsHint();
        }
        return getFont2D().getItalicAngle(this, identityTx, aa, fm);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether or not this {@code Font} has uniform
     * line metrics.  A logical {@code Font} might be a
     * composite font, which means that it is composed of different
     * physical fonts to cover different code ranges.  Each of these
     * fonts might have different {@code LineMetrics}.  If the
     * logical {@code Font} is a single
     * font then the metrics would be uniform.
     * @return {@code true} if this {@code Font} has
     * uniform line metrics; {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hasUniformLineMetrics() {
        return false;   // REMIND always safe, but prevents caller optimize
    }

    private transient SoftReference<FontLineMetrics> flmref;
    private FontLineMetrics defaultLineMetrics(FontRenderContext frc) {
        FontLineMetrics flm = null;
        if (flmref == null
            || (flm = flmref.get()) == null
            || !flm.frc.equals(frc)) {

            /* The device transform in the frc is not used in obtaining line
             * metrics, although it probably should be: REMIND find why not?
             * The font transform is used but its applied in getFontMetrics, so
             * just pass identity here
             */
            float [] metrics = new float[8];
            getFont2D().getFontMetrics(this, identityTx,
                                       frc.getAntiAliasingHint(),
                                       frc.getFractionalMetricsHint(),
                                       metrics);
            float ascent  = metrics[0];
            float descent = metrics[1];
            float leading = metrics[2];
            float ssOffset = 0;
            if (values != null && values.getSuperscript() != 0) {
                ssOffset = (float)getTransform().getTranslateY();
                ascent -= ssOffset;
                descent += ssOffset;
            }
            float height = ascent + descent + leading;

            int baselineIndex = 0; // need real index, assumes roman for everything
            // need real baselines eventually
            float[] baselineOffsets = { 0, (descent/2f - ascent) / 2f, -ascent };

            float strikethroughOffset = metrics[4];
            float strikethroughThickness = metrics[5];

            float underlineOffset = metrics[6];
            float underlineThickness = metrics[7];

            float italicAngle = getItalicAngle(frc);

            if (isTransformed()) {
                AffineTransform ctx = values.getCharTransform(); // extract rotation
                if (ctx != null) {
                    Point2D.Float pt = new Point2D.Float();
                    pt.setLocation(0, strikethroughOffset);
                    ctx.deltaTransform(pt, pt);
                    strikethroughOffset = pt.y;
                    pt.setLocation(0, strikethroughThickness);
                    ctx.deltaTransform(pt, pt);
                    strikethroughThickness = pt.y;
                    pt.setLocation(0, underlineOffset);
                    ctx.deltaTransform(pt, pt);
                    underlineOffset = pt.y;
                    pt.setLocation(0, underlineThickness);
                    ctx.deltaTransform(pt, pt);
                    underlineThickness = pt.y;
                }
            }
            strikethroughOffset += ssOffset;
            underlineOffset += ssOffset;

            CoreMetrics cm = new CoreMetrics(ascent, descent, leading, height,
                                             baselineIndex, baselineOffsets,
                                             strikethroughOffset, strikethroughThickness,
                                             underlineOffset, underlineThickness,
                                             ssOffset, italicAngle);

            flm = new FontLineMetrics(0, cm, frc);
            flmref = new SoftReference<FontLineMetrics>(flm);
        }

        return (FontLineMetrics)flm.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link LineMetrics} object created with the specified
     * {@code String} and {@link FontRenderContext}.
     * @param str the specified {@code String}
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code LineMetrics} object created with the
     * specified {@code String} and {@link FontRenderContext}.
     */
    public LineMetrics getLineMetrics( String str, FontRenderContext frc) {
        FontLineMetrics flm = defaultLineMetrics(frc);
        flm.numchars = str.length();
        return flm;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code LineMetrics} object created with the
     * specified arguments.
     * @param str the specified {@code String}
     * @param beginIndex the initial offset of {@code str}
     * @param limit the end offset of {@code str}
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code LineMetrics} object created with the
     * specified arguments.
     */
    public LineMetrics getLineMetrics( String str,
                                    int beginIndex, int limit,
                                    FontRenderContext frc) {
        FontLineMetrics flm = defaultLineMetrics(frc);
        int numChars = limit - beginIndex;
        flm.numchars = (numChars < 0)? 0: numChars;
        return flm;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code LineMetrics} object created with the
     * specified arguments.
     * @param chars an array of characters
     * @param beginIndex the initial offset of {@code chars}
     * @param limit the end offset of {@code chars}
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code LineMetrics} object created with the
     * specified arguments.
     */
    public LineMetrics getLineMetrics(char [] chars,
                                    int beginIndex, int limit,
                                    FontRenderContext frc) {
        FontLineMetrics flm = defaultLineMetrics(frc);
        int numChars = limit - beginIndex;
        flm.numchars = (numChars < 0)? 0: numChars;
        return flm;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code LineMetrics} object created with the
     * specified arguments.
     * @param ci the specified {@code CharacterIterator}
     * @param beginIndex the initial offset in {@code ci}
     * @param limit the end offset of {@code ci}
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code LineMetrics} object created with the
     * specified arguments.
     */
    public LineMetrics getLineMetrics(CharacterIterator ci,
                                    int beginIndex, int limit,
                                    FontRenderContext frc) {
        FontLineMetrics flm = defaultLineMetrics(frc);
        int numChars = limit - beginIndex;
        flm.numchars = (numChars < 0)? 0: numChars;
        return flm;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the logical bounds of the specified {@code String} in
     * the specified {@code FontRenderContext}.  The logical bounds
     * contains the origin, ascent, advance, and height, which includes
     * the leading.  The logical bounds does not always enclose all the
     * text.  For example, in some languages and in some fonts, accent
     * marks can be positioned above the ascent or below the descent.
     * To obtain a visual bounding box, which encloses all the text,
     * use the {@link TextLayout#getBounds() getBounds} method of
     * {@code TextLayout}.
     * <p>Note: The returned bounds is in baseline-relative coordinates
     * (see {@link java.awt.Font class notes}).
     * @param str the specified {@code String}
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@link Rectangle2D} that is the bounding box of the
     * specified {@code String} in the specified
     * {@code FontRenderContext}.
     * @see FontRenderContext
     * @see Font#createGlyphVector
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Rectangle2D getStringBounds( String str, FontRenderContext frc) {
        char[] array = str.toCharArray();
        return getStringBounds(array, 0, array.length, frc);
    }

   /**
     * Returns the logical bounds of the specified {@code String} in
     * the specified {@code FontRenderContext}.  The logical bounds
     * contains the origin, ascent, advance, and height, which includes
     * the leading.  The logical bounds does not always enclose all the
     * text.  For example, in some languages and in some fonts, accent
     * marks can be positioned above the ascent or below the descent.
     * To obtain a visual bounding box, which encloses all the text,
     * use the {@link TextLayout#getBounds() getBounds} method of
     * {@code TextLayout}.
     * <p>Note: The returned bounds is in baseline-relative coordinates
     * (see {@link java.awt.Font class notes}).
     * @param str the specified {@code String}
     * @param beginIndex the initial offset of {@code str}
     * @param limit the end offset of {@code str}
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code Rectangle2D} that is the bounding box of the
     * specified {@code String} in the specified
     * {@code FontRenderContext}.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code beginIndex} is
     *         less than zero, or {@code limit} is greater than the
     *         length of {@code str}, or {@code beginIndex}
     *         is greater than {@code limit}.
     * @see FontRenderContext
     * @see Font#createGlyphVector
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Rectangle2D getStringBounds( String str,
                                    int beginIndex, int limit,
                                        FontRenderContext frc) {
        String substr = str.substring(beginIndex, limit);
        return getStringBounds(substr, frc);
    }

   /**
     * Returns the logical bounds of the specified array of characters
     * in the specified {@code FontRenderContext}.  The logical
     * bounds contains the origin, ascent, advance, and height, which
     * includes the leading.  The logical bounds does not always enclose
     * all the text.  For example, in some languages and in some fonts,
     * accent marks can be positioned above the ascent or below the
     * descent.  To obtain a visual bounding box, which encloses all the
     * text, use the {@link TextLayout#getBounds() getBounds} method of
     * {@code TextLayout}.
     * <p>Note: The returned bounds is in baseline-relative coordinates
     * (see {@link java.awt.Font class notes}).
     * @param chars an array of characters
     * @param beginIndex the initial offset in the array of
     * characters
     * @param limit the end offset in the array of characters
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code Rectangle2D} that is the bounding box of the
     * specified array of characters in the specified
     * {@code FontRenderContext}.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code beginIndex} is
     *         less than zero, or {@code limit} is greater than the
     *         length of {@code chars}, or {@code beginIndex}
     *         is greater than {@code limit}.
     * @see FontRenderContext
     * @see Font#createGlyphVector
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Rectangle2D getStringBounds(char [] chars,
                                    int beginIndex, int limit,
                                       FontRenderContext frc) {
        if (beginIndex < 0) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("beginIndex: " + beginIndex);
        }
        if (limit > chars.length) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("limit: " + limit);
        }
        if (beginIndex > limit) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("range length: " +
                                                (limit - beginIndex));
        }

        // this code should be in textlayout
        // quick check for simple text, assume GV ok to use if simple

        boolean simple = values == null ||
            (values.getKerning() == 0
             && values.getLigatures() == 0
             && values.getTracking() == 0
             && values.getBaselineTransform() == null);
        if (simple) {
            simple = ! FontUtilities.isComplexText(chars, beginIndex, limit);
        }

        if (simple || ((limit - beginIndex) == 0)) {
            FontDesignMetrics metrics = FontDesignMetrics.getMetrics(this, frc);
            return metrics.getSimpleBounds(chars, beginIndex, limit-beginIndex);
        } else {
            // need char array constructor on textlayout
            String str = new String(chars, beginIndex, limit - beginIndex);
            TextLayout tl = new TextLayout(str, this, frc);
            return new Rectangle2D.Float(0, -tl.getAscent(), tl.getAdvance(),
                                         tl.getAscent() + tl.getDescent() +
                                         tl.getLeading());
        }
    }

   /**
     * Returns the logical bounds of the characters indexed in the
     * specified {@link CharacterIterator} in the
     * specified {@code FontRenderContext}.  The logical bounds
     * contains the origin, ascent, advance, and height, which includes
     * the leading.  The logical bounds does not always enclose all the
     * text.  For example, in some languages and in some fonts, accent
     * marks can be positioned above the ascent or below the descent.
     * To obtain a visual bounding box, which encloses all the text,
     * use the {@link TextLayout#getBounds() getBounds} method of
     * {@code TextLayout}.
     * <p>Note: The returned bounds is in baseline-relative coordinates
     * (see {@link java.awt.Font class notes}).
     * @param ci the specified {@code CharacterIterator}
     * @param beginIndex the initial offset in {@code ci}
     * @param limit the end offset in {@code ci}
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code Rectangle2D} that is the bounding box of the
     * characters indexed in the specified {@code CharacterIterator}
     * in the specified {@code FontRenderContext}.
     * @see FontRenderContext
     * @see Font#createGlyphVector
     * @since 1.2
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code beginIndex} is
     *         less than the start index of {@code ci}, or
     *         {@code limit} is greater than the end index of
     *         {@code ci}, or {@code beginIndex} is greater
     *         than {@code limit}
     */
    public Rectangle2D getStringBounds(CharacterIterator ci,
                                    int beginIndex, int limit,
                                       FontRenderContext frc) {
        int start = ci.getBeginIndex();
        int end = ci.getEndIndex();

        if (beginIndex < start) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("beginIndex: " + beginIndex);
        }
        if (limit > end) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("limit: " + limit);
        }
        if (beginIndex > limit) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("range length: " +
                                                (limit - beginIndex));
        }

        char[]  arr = new char[limit - beginIndex];

        ci.setIndex(beginIndex);
        for(int idx = 0; idx < arr.length; idx++) {
            arr[idx] = ci.current();
            ci.next();
        }

        return getStringBounds(arr,0,arr.length,frc);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the bounds for the character with the maximum
     * bounds as defined in the specified {@code FontRenderContext}.
     * <p>Note: The returned bounds is in baseline-relative coordinates
     * (see {@link java.awt.Font class notes}).
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @return a {@code Rectangle2D} that is the bounding box
     * for the character with the maximum bounds.
     */
    public Rectangle2D getMaxCharBounds(FontRenderContext frc) {
        float [] metrics = new float[4];

        getFont2D().getFontMetrics(this, frc, metrics);

        return new Rectangle2D.Float(0, -metrics[0],
                                metrics[3],
                                metrics[0] + metrics[1] + metrics[2]);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link java.awt.font.GlyphVector GlyphVector} by
     * mapping characters to glyphs one-to-one based on the
     * Unicode cmap in this {@code Font}.  This method does no other
     * processing besides the mapping of glyphs to characters.  This
     * means that this method is not useful for some scripts, such
     * as Arabic, Hebrew, Thai, and Indic, that require reordering,
     * shaping, or ligature substitution.
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @param str the specified {@code String}
     * @return a new {@code GlyphVector} created with the
     * specified {@code String} and the specified
     * {@code FontRenderContext}.
     */
    public GlyphVector createGlyphVector(FontRenderContext frc, String str)
    {
        return (GlyphVector)new StandardGlyphVector(this, str, frc);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link java.awt.font.GlyphVector GlyphVector} by
     * mapping characters to glyphs one-to-one based on the
     * Unicode cmap in this {@code Font}.  This method does no other
     * processing besides the mapping of glyphs to characters.  This
     * means that this method is not useful for some scripts, such
     * as Arabic, Hebrew, Thai, and Indic, that require reordering,
     * shaping, or ligature substitution.
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @param chars the specified array of characters
     * @return a new {@code GlyphVector} created with the
     * specified array of characters and the specified
     * {@code FontRenderContext}.
     */
    public GlyphVector createGlyphVector(FontRenderContext frc, char[] chars)
    {
        return (GlyphVector)new StandardGlyphVector(this, chars, frc);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link java.awt.font.GlyphVector GlyphVector} by
     * mapping the specified characters to glyphs one-to-one based on the
     * Unicode cmap in this {@code Font}.  This method does no other
     * processing besides the mapping of glyphs to characters.  This
     * means that this method is not useful for some scripts, such
     * as Arabic, Hebrew, Thai, and Indic, that require reordering,
     * shaping, or ligature substitution.
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @param ci the specified {@code CharacterIterator}
     * @return a new {@code GlyphVector} created with the
     * specified {@code CharacterIterator} and the specified
     * {@code FontRenderContext}.
     */
    public GlyphVector createGlyphVector(   FontRenderContext frc,
                                            CharacterIterator ci)
    {
        return (GlyphVector)new StandardGlyphVector(this, ci, frc);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link java.awt.font.GlyphVector GlyphVector} by
     * mapping characters to glyphs one-to-one based on the
     * Unicode cmap in this {@code Font}.  This method does no other
     * processing besides the mapping of glyphs to characters.  This
     * means that this method is not useful for some scripts, such
     * as Arabic, Hebrew, Thai, and Indic, that require reordering,
     * shaping, or ligature substitution.
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @param glyphCodes the specified integer array
     * @return a new {@code GlyphVector} created with the
     * specified integer array and the specified
     * {@code FontRenderContext}.
     */
    public GlyphVector createGlyphVector(   FontRenderContext frc,
                                            int [] glyphCodes)
    {
        return (GlyphVector)new StandardGlyphVector(this, glyphCodes, frc);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@code GlyphVector} object, performing full
     * layout of the text if possible.  Full layout is required for
     * complex text, such as Arabic or Hindi.  Support for different
     * scripts depends on the font and implementation.
     * <p>
     * Layout requires bidi analysis, as performed by
     * {@code Bidi}, and should only be performed on text that
     * has a uniform direction.  The direction is indicated in the
     * flags parameter,by using LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT to indicate a
     * right-to-left (Arabic and Hebrew) run direction, or
     * LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT to indicate a left-to-right (English)
     * run direction.
     * <p>
     * In addition, some operations, such as Arabic shaping, require
     * context, so that the characters at the start and limit can have
     * the proper shapes.  Sometimes the data in the buffer outside
     * the provided range does not have valid data.  The values
     * LAYOUT_NO_START_CONTEXT and LAYOUT_NO_LIMIT_CONTEXT can be
     * added to the flags parameter to indicate that the text before
     * start, or after limit, respectively, should not be examined
     * for context.
     * <p>
     * All other values for the flags parameter are reserved.
     *
     * @param frc the specified {@code FontRenderContext}
     * @param text the text to layout
     * @param start the start of the text to use for the {@code GlyphVector}
     * @param limit the limit of the text to use for the {@code GlyphVector}
     * @param flags control flags as described above
     * @return a new {@code GlyphVector} representing the text between
     * start and limit, with glyphs chosen and positioned so as to best represent
     * the text
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if start or limit is
     * out of bounds
     * @see java.text.Bidi
     * @see #LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
     * @see #LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
     * @see #LAYOUT_NO_START_CONTEXT
     * @see #LAYOUT_NO_LIMIT_CONTEXT
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public GlyphVector layoutGlyphVector(FontRenderContext frc,
                                         char[] text,
                                         int start,
                                         int limit,
                                         int flags) {

        GlyphLayout gl = GlyphLayout.get(null); // !!! no custom layout engines
        StandardGlyphVector gv = gl.layout(this, frc, text,
                                           start, limit-start, flags, null);
        GlyphLayout.done(gl);
        return gv;
    }

    /**
     * A flag to layoutGlyphVector indicating that text is left-to-right as
     * determined by Bidi analysis.
     */
    public static final int LAYOUT_LEFT_TO_RIGHT = 0;

    /**
     * A flag to layoutGlyphVector indicating that text is right-to-left as
     * determined by Bidi analysis.
     */
    public static final int LAYOUT_RIGHT_TO_LEFT = 1;

    /**
     * A flag to layoutGlyphVector indicating that text in the char array
     * before the indicated start should not be examined.
     */
    public static final int LAYOUT_NO_START_CONTEXT = 2;

    /**
     * A flag to layoutGlyphVector indicating that text in the char array
     * after the indicated limit should not be examined.
     */
    public static final int LAYOUT_NO_LIMIT_CONTEXT = 4;


    private static void applyTransform(AffineTransform trans, AttributeValues values) {
        if (trans == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("transform must not be null");
        }
        values.setTransform(trans);
    }

    private static void applyStyle(int style, AttributeValues values) {
        // WEIGHT_BOLD, WEIGHT_REGULAR
        values.setWeight((style & BOLD) != 0 ? 2f : 1f);
        // POSTURE_OBLIQUE, POSTURE_REGULAR
        values.setPosture((style & ITALIC) != 0 ? .2f : 0f);
    }

    /*
     * Initialize JNI field and method IDs
     */
    private static native void initIDs();
}