| % File src/library/base/man/ls.Rd |
| % Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org |
| % Copyright 1995-2014 R Core Team |
| % Distributed under GPL 2 or later |
| |
| \name{ls} |
| \alias{ls} |
| \alias{objects} |
| \title{List Objects} |
| \usage{ |
| ls(name, pos = -1L, envir = as.environment(pos), |
| all.names = FALSE, pattern, sorted = TRUE) |
| objects(name, pos= -1L, envir = as.environment(pos), |
| all.names = FALSE, pattern, sorted = TRUE) |
| } |
| \arguments{ |
| \item{name}{which environment to use in listing the available objects. |
| Defaults to the \emph{current} environment. Although called |
| \code{name} for back compatibility, in fact this argument can |
| specify the environment in any form; see the \sQuote{Details} section.} |
| \item{pos}{an alternative argument to \code{name} for specifying the |
| environment as a position in the search list. Mostly there for |
| back compatibility.} |
| \item{envir}{an alternative argument to \code{name} for specifying the |
| environment. Mostly there for back compatibility.} |
| \item{all.names}{a logical value. If \code{TRUE}, all |
| object names are returned. If \code{FALSE}, names which begin with a |
| \samp{.} are omitted.} |
| \item{pattern}{an optional \link{regular expression}. Only names |
| matching \code{pattern} are returned. \code{\link{glob2rx}} can be |
| used to convert wildcard patterns to regular expressions.} |
| \item{sorted}{logical indicating if the resulting |
| \code{\link{character}} should be sorted alphabetically. Note that |
| this is part of \code{ls()} may take most of the time.} |
| } |
| \description{ |
| \code{ls} and \code{objects} return a vector of character strings |
| giving the names of the objects in the specified environment. When |
| invoked with no argument at the top level prompt, \code{ls} shows what |
| data sets and functions a user has defined. When invoked with no |
| argument inside a function, \code{ls} returns the names of the |
| function's local variables: this is useful in conjunction with |
| \code{browser}. |
| } |
| \details{ |
| The \code{name} argument can specify the environment from which |
| object names are taken in one of several forms: |
| as an integer (the position in the \code{\link{search}} list); as |
| the character string name of an element in the search list; or as an |
| explicit \code{\link{environment}} (including using |
| \code{\link{sys.frame}} to access the currently active function calls). |
| By default, the environment of the call to \code{ls} or \code{objects} |
| is used. The \code{pos} and \code{envir} arguments are an alternative |
| way to specify an environment, but are primarily there for back |
| compatibility. |
| |
| Note that the \emph{order} of strings for \code{sorted = TRUE} is |
| locale dependent, see \code{\link{Sys.getlocale}}. If \code{sorted = |
| FALSE} the order is arbitrary, depending if the environment is |
| hashed, the order of insertion of objects, \dots. |
| } |
| \references{ |
| Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) |
| \emph{The New S Language}. |
| Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole. |
| } |
| \seealso{ |
| \code{\link{glob2rx}} for converting wildcard patterns to regular |
| expressions. |
| |
| \code{\link{ls.str}} for a long listing based on \code{\link{str}}. |
| \code{\link{apropos}} (or \code{\link{find}}) |
| for finding objects in the whole search path; |
| \code{\link{grep}} for more details on \sQuote{regular expressions}; |
| \code{\link{class}}, \code{\link{methods}}, etc., for |
| object-oriented programming. |
| } |
| \examples{ |
| .Ob <- 1 |
| ls(pattern = "O") |
| ls(pattern= "O", all.names = TRUE) # also shows ".[foo]" |
| |
| # shows an empty list because inside myfunc no variables are defined |
| myfunc <- function() {ls()} |
| myfunc() |
| |
| # define a local variable inside myfunc |
| myfunc <- function() {y <- 1; ls()} |
| myfunc() # shows "y" |
| } |
| \keyword{environment} |