| % File src/library/grDevices/man/dev.Rd |
| % Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org |
| % Copyright 1995-2014 R Core Team |
| % Distributed under GPL 2 or later |
| |
| \name{dev} |
| \alias{dev.cur} |
| \alias{dev.list} |
| \alias{dev.next} |
| \alias{dev.prev} |
| \alias{dev.off} |
| \alias{dev.set} |
| \alias{dev.new} |
| \alias{graphics.off} |
| \title{Control Multiple Devices} |
| \description{ |
| These functions provide control over multiple graphics devices. |
| } |
| \usage{ |
| dev.cur() |
| dev.list() |
| dev.next(which = dev.cur()) |
| dev.prev(which = dev.cur()) |
| dev.off(which = dev.cur()) |
| dev.set(which = dev.next()) |
| dev.new(\dots, noRStudioGD = FALSE) |
| graphics.off() |
| } |
| |
| \arguments{ |
| \item{which}{An integer specifying a device number.} |
| \item{\dots}{arguments to be passed to the device selected.} |
| \item{noRStudioGD}{Do not use the RStudio graphics device even if |
| specified as the default device: it does not accept arguments such |
| as \code{width} and \code{height}.} |
| } |
| \details{ |
| Only one device is the \sQuote{active} device: this is the device in |
| which all graphics operations occur. There is a \code{"null device"} |
| which is always open but is really a placeholder: any attempt to use |
| it will open a new device specified by |
| \code{\link{getOption}("device")}. |
| |
| Devices are associated with a name (e.g., \code{"X11"} or |
| \code{"postscript"}) and a number in the range 1 to 63; the |
| \code{"null device"} is always device 1. Once a device has been |
| opened the null device is not considered as a possible active device. |
| There is a list of open devices, and this is considered as a circular |
| list not including the null device. \code{dev.next} and |
| \code{dev.prev} select the next open device in the appropriate |
| direction, unless no device is open. |
| |
| \code{dev.off} shuts down the specified (by default the current) |
| device. If the current device is shut down and any other devices are |
| open, the next open device is made current. It is an error to |
| attempt to shut down device 1. \code{graphics.off()} shuts down all |
| open graphics devices. Normal termination of a session runs the |
| internal equivalent of \code{graphics.off()}. |
| |
| \code{dev.set} makes the specified device the active device. If there |
| is no device with that number, it is equivalent to \code{dev.next}. |
| If \code{which = 1} it opens a new device and selects that. |
| |
| \code{dev.new} opens a new device. Normally \R will open a new device |
| automatically when needed, but this enables you to open further |
| devices in a platform-independent way. (For which device is used see |
| \code{\link{getOption}("device")}.) Note that care is needed with |
| file-based devices such as \code{\link{pdf}} and |
| \code{\link{postscript}} and in that case file names such as |
| \file{Rplots.pdf}, \file{Rplots1.pdf}, \dots, \file{Rplots999.pdf} are |
| tried in turn. Only named arguments are passed to the device, and |
| then only if they match the argument list of the device. Even so, |
| care is needed with the interpretation of e.g.\sspace{}\code{width}, and for |
| the standard bitmap devices \code{units = "in", res = 72} is forced if |
| neither is supplied but both \code{width} and \code{height} are. |
| } |
| \value{ |
| \code{dev.cur} returns a length-one named integer vector giving the |
| number and name of the active device, or 1, the null device, if none |
| is active. |
| |
| \code{dev.list} returns the numbers of all open devices, except device |
| 1, the null device. This is a numeric vector with a |
| \code{\link{names}} attribute giving the device names, or \code{NULL} is |
| there is no open device. |
| |
| \code{dev.next} and \code{dev.prev} return the number and name of the |
| next / previous device in the list of devices. This will be the null |
| device if and only if there are no open devices. |
| |
| \code{dev.off} returns the number and name of the new active device |
| (after the specified device has been shut down). |
| |
| \code{dev.set} returns the number and name of the new active device. |
| |
| \code{dev.new} returns the return value of the device opened, usually |
| invisible \code{NULL}. |
| } |
| \seealso{ |
| \code{\link{Devices}}, such as \code{\link{postscript}}, etc. |
| |
| \code{\link{layout}} and its links for setting up plotting regions |
| on the current device. |
| } |
| \examples{ |
| \dontrun{## Unix-specific example |
| x11() |
| plot(1:10) |
| x11() |
| plot(rnorm(10)) |
| dev.set(dev.prev()) |
| abline(0, 1) # through the 1:10 points |
| dev.set(dev.next()) |
| abline(h = 0, col = "gray") # for the residual plot |
| dev.set(dev.prev()) |
| dev.off(); dev.off() #- close the two X devices |
| } |
| } |
| \keyword{device} |
| \keyword{iplot} |