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% File src/library/base/man/options.Rd
% Part of the R package, https://www.R-project.org
% Copyright 1995-2019 R Core Team
% Distributed under GPL 2 or later
\name{options}
\alias{options}
\alias{.Options}
\alias{getOption}
\alias{option} % so help files can do 'set \link{} \code{"foo"}'
\alias{MC_CORES}
\alias{R_C_BOUNDS_CHECK}
\alias{R_DEFAULT_DEVICE}
\alias{R_KEEP_PKG_SOURCE}
\alias{R_INTERACTIVE_DEVICE}
\title{Options Settings}
\description{
Allow the user to set and examine a variety of global \emph{options}
which affect the way in which \R computes and displays its results.
}
\usage{
options(\dots)
getOption(x, default = NULL)
.Options
}
%%-- NOTE : Keep the list up-to-date,
%%-- ==== Consider also the leading comments in ../../../main/options.c
\arguments{
\item{\dots}{any options can be defined, using \code{name = value}.
However, only the ones below are used in base \R.
Options can also be passed by giving a single unnamed argument which
is a named list.
}
\item{x}{a character string holding an option name.}
\item{default}{if the specified option is not set in the options list,
this value is returned. This facilitates retrieving an option and
checking whether it is set and setting it separately if not.}
}
\details{
Invoking \code{options()} with no arguments returns a list with the
current values of the options. Note that not all options listed below
are set initially. To access the value of a single option, one should
use, e.g., \code{getOption("width")} rather than
\code{options("width")} which is a \emph{list} of length one.
}
\note{
For compatibility with S there is a visible object \code{.Options} whose
value is a pairlist containing the current \code{options()} (in no
particular order). Assigning to it will make a local copy and not
change the original. (\emph{Using} it however is faster than calling
\code{options()}).
An option set to \code{NULL} is indistinguishable from a non existing
option.
}
\value{
For \code{getOption}, the current value set for option \code{x}, or
\code{default} (which defaults to \code{NULL}) if the option is unset.
For \code{options()}, a list of all set options sorted by name. For
\code{options(name)}, a list of length one containing the set value,
or \code{NULL} if it is unset. For uses setting one or more options,
a list with the previous values of the options changed (returned
invisibly).
}
\section{Options used in base \R}{
\describe{
\item{\code{add.smooth}:}{typically logical, defaulting to
\code{TRUE}. Could also be set to an integer for specifying how
many (simulated) smooths should be added. This is currently only
used by \code{\link{plot.lm}}.}
\item{\code{askYesNo}:}{a function (typically set by a front-end)
to ask the user binary response functions in a consistent way,
or a vector of strings used by \code{\link{askYesNo}} to use
as default responses for such questions.}
\item{\code{browserNLdisabled}:}{logical: whether newline is
disabled as a synonym for \code{"n"} in the browser.}
\item{\code{checkPackageLicense}:}{logical, not set by default. If
true, \code{\link{loadNamespace}} asks a user to accept any
non-standard license at first load of the package.
}
\item{\code{check.bounds}:}{logical, defaulting to \code{FALSE}. If
true, a \link{warning} is produced whenever a
vector (atomic or \code{\link{list}}) is extended, by something
like \code{x <- 1:3; x[5] <- 6}.}
\item{\code{CBoundsCheck}:}{logical, controlling whether
\code{\link{.C}} and \code{\link{.Fortran}} make copies to check for
array over-runs on the atomic vector arguments.
Initially set from value of the environment variable
\env{R_C_BOUNDS_CHECK} (set to \code{yes} to enable).}
\item{\code{conflicts.policy}:}{character string or list controlling
handling of conflicts found in calls to \code{\link{library}} or
\code{\link{require}}. See \code{\link{library}} for details.}
\item{\code{continue}:}{a non-empty string setting the prompt used
for lines which continue over one line.}
%% default is set in ../../profile/Common.R :
\item{\code{defaultPackages}:}{the packages that are attached by
default when \R starts up. Initially set from value of the
environment variable \env{R_DEFAULT_PACKAGES}, or if that is unset
to \code{c("datasets", "utils", "grDevices", "graphics", "stats",
"methods")}. (Set \env{R_DEFAULT_PACKAGES} to \code{NULL} or
a comma-separated list of package names.) It will not work to set
this in a \file{.Rprofile} file, as its value is consulted before
that file is read.}
\item{\code{deparse.cutoff}:}{integer value controlling the
printing of language constructs which are \code{\link{deparse}}d.
Default \code{60}.
}
\item{\code{deparse.max.lines}:}{controls the number of lines used
when deparsing in \code{\link{traceback}}, \code{\link{browser}},
and upon entry to a function whose debugging flag is set.
Initially unset, and only used if set to a positive integer.}
\item{\code{digits}:}{controls the number of \emph{significant} (see \code{\link{signif}}) digits to
print when printing numeric values. It is a suggestion only.
Valid values are 1\dots{}22 with default 7. See the note in
\code{\link{print.default}} about values greater than 15.}
\item{\code{digits.secs}:}{controls the maximum number of digits to
print when formatting time values in seconds. Valid values
are 0\dots6 with default 0. See \code{\link{strftime}}.}
\item{\code{download.file.extra}:}{Extra command-line argument(s) for
non-default methods: see \code{\link{download.file}}.}
\item{\code{download.file.method}:}{Method to be used for
\code{download.file}. Currently download methods
\code{"internal"}, \code{"wininet"} (Windows only),
\code{"libcurl"}, \code{"wget"} and \code{"curl"} are available.
If not set, \code{method = "auto"}
is chosen: see \code{\link{download.file}}.}
\item{\code{echo}:}{logical. Only used in non-interactive mode,
when it controls whether input is echoed. Command-line option
\option{--slave} sets this to \code{FALSE}, but otherwise
it starts the session as \code{TRUE}.}
\item{\code{encoding}:}{The name of an encoding, default
\code{"native.enc"}. See \code{\link{connections}}.}
\item{\code{error}:}{either a function or an expression governing
the handling of non-catastrophic errors such as those generated by
\code{\link{stop}} as well as by signals and internally detected
errors. If the option is a function, a call to that function,
with no arguments, is generated as the expression. By default
the option is not set: see \code{\link{stop}} for the behaviour in
that case. The functions \code{\link{dump.frames}} and
\code{\link{recover}} provide alternatives that allow post-mortem
debugging. Note that these need to specified as
e.g.\sspace{}\code{options(error = utils::recover)} in startup
files such as \file{\link{.Rprofile}}.}
\item{\code{expressions}:}{sets a limit on the number of nested
expressions that will be evaluated. Valid values are
25\dots500000 with default 5000. If you increase it, you may
also want to start \R with a larger protection stack;
see \option{--max-ppsize} in \code{\link{Memory}}. Note too that
you may cause a segfault from overflow of the C stack, and on OSes
where it is possible you may want to increase that. Once the
limit is reached an error is thrown. The current number under
evaluation can be found by calling \code{\link{Cstack_info}}.}
\item{\code{interrupt}:}{a function taking no arguments to be called
on a user interrupt if the interrupt condition is not otherwise
handled.}
\item{\code{keep.parse.data}:}{When internally storing source code
(\code{keep.source} is TRUE), also store parse data. Parse data can
then be retrieved with \code{\link{getParseData}()} and used e.g. for
spell checking of string constants or syntax highlighting. The value
has effect only when internally storing source code (see
\code{keep.source}). The default is \code{TRUE}.}
\item{\code{keep.parse.data.pkgs}:}{As for \code{keep.parse.data}, used
only when packages are installed. Defaults to \code{FALSE} unless the
environment variable \env{R_KEEP_PKG_PARSE_DATA} is set to \code{yes}.
The space overhead of parse data can be substantial even after
compression and it causes performance overhead when loading packages.}
\item{\code{keep.source}:}{When \code{TRUE}, the source code for
functions (newly defined or loaded) is stored internally
allowing comments to be kept in the right places. Retrieve the
source by printing or using \code{deparse(fn, control =
"useSource")}.
The default is \code{\link{interactive}()}, i.e., \code{TRUE} for
interactive use.}
%% used by tools::makeLazyLoading
\item{\code{keep.source.pkgs}:}{As for \code{keep.source}, used only
when packages are installed. Defaults to \code{FALSE} unless the
environment variable \env{R_KEEP_PKG_SOURCE} is set to \code{yes}.}
\item{\code{matprod}:}{a string selecting the implementation of
the matrix products \code{\link{\%*\%}}, \code{\link{crossprod}}, and
\code{\link{tcrossprod}} for double and complex vectors:
\describe{
\item{\code{"internal"}}{uses an unoptimized 3-loop algorithm
which correctly propagates \code{\link{NaN}} and
\code{\link{Inf}} values and is consistent in precision with
other summation algorithms inside \R like \code{\link{sum}} or
\code{\link{colSums}} (which now means that it uses a \code{long
double} accumulator for summation if available and enabled,
see \code{\link{capabilities}}).}
\item{\code{"default"}}{uses BLAS to speed up computation, but
to ensure correct propagation of \code{NaN} and \code{Inf}
values it uses an unoptimized 3-loop algorithm for inputs that may
contain \code{NaN} or \code{Inf} values. When deemed
beneficial for performance, \code{"default"} may call the
3-loop algorithm unconditionally, i.e., without checking the
input for NaN/Inf values. The 3-loop algorithm uses (only) a
\code{double} accumulator for summation, which is consistent
with the reference BLAS implementation.}
\item{\code{"blas"}}{uses BLAS unconditionally without any
checks and should be used with extreme caution. BLAS
libraries do not propagate \code{\link{NaN}} or
\code{\link{Inf}} values correctly and for inputs with
\code{NaN}/\code{Inf} values the results may be undefined.}
\item{\code{"default.simd"}}{is experimental and will likely be
removed in future versions of \R. It provides the same behavior
as \code{"default"}, but the check whether the input contains
NaN/Inf values is faster on some SIMD hardware. On older
systems it will run correctly, but may be much slower than
\code{"default"}.}
}
}
\item{\code{max.print}:}{integer, defaulting to \code{99999}.
\code{\link{print}} or \code{\link{show}} methods can make use of
this option, to limit the amount of information that is printed,
to something in the order of (and typically slightly less than)
\code{max.print} \emph{entries}.}
\item{\code{OutDec}:}{character string containing a single
character. The preferred character to be used as the decimal
point in output conversions, that is in printing, plotting,
\code{\link{format}} and \code{\link{as.character}} but not when
deparsing nor by \code{\link{sprintf}} nor \code{\link{formatC}}
(which are sometimes used prior to printing.)
}
\item{\code{pager}:}{the command used for displaying text files by
\code{\link{file.show}}, details depending on the platform:
\describe{
\item{On a unix-alike}{defaults to \file{\var{\link{R_HOME}}/bin/pager}, which is a shell
script running the command-line specified by the environment
variable \env{PAGER} whose default is set at configuration,
usually to \command{less}.}
\item{On Windows}{defaults to \code{"internal"}, which uses a pager similar to the
GUI console. Another possibility is \code{"console"} to use the
console itself.}
}
Can be a character string or an \R function, in which case it
needs to accept the arguments \code{(files, header,
title, delete.file)} corresponding to the first four arguments of
\code{\link{file.show}}.}
\item{\code{papersize}:}{the default paper format used by
\code{\link{postscript}}; set by environment variable
\env{R_PAPERSIZE} when \R is started: if that is unset or invalid
it defaults platform dependently
\describe{
\item{on a unix-alike}{to a value derived from the locale category
\code{LC_PAPER}, or if that is unavailable to a default set
when \R was built.}
\item{on Windows}{to \code{"a4"}, or \code{"letter"} in US and
Canadian locales.}
}}
\item{\code{PCRE_limit_recursion}:}{Logical: should
\code{\link{grep}(perl = TRUE)} and similar limit the maximal
recursion allowed when matching? PCRE can be built not to use a
recursion stack (see \code{\link{pcre_config}}, but it is by
default with a recursion limit of 10000000 which potentially needs
a very large C stack: see the discussion at
\url{http://www.pcre.org/original/doc/html/pcrestack.html}. If
true, the limit is reduced using \R's estimate of the C stack size
available (if known), otherwise 10000. If \code{NA}, the limit is
imposed only if any input string has 1000 or more bytes.}
\item{\code{PCRE_study}:}{Logical or integer: should
\code{\link{grep}(perl = TRUE)} and similar \sQuote{study} the
patterns? Either logical or a numerical threshold for the minimum
number of strings to be matched for the pattern to be studied (the
default is \code{10})). Missing values and negative numbers are
treated as false.}
\item{\code{PCRE_use_JIT}:}{Logical: should \code{\link{grep}(perl =
TRUE)}, \code{\link{strsplit}(perl = TRUE)} and similar make use
of PCRE's Just-In-Time compiler for studied patterns, if
available? Missing values are treated as false.}
\item{\code{pdfviewer}:}{default PDF viewer.
The default is set from the environment variable \env{R_PDFVIEWER},
the default value of which
\describe{
\item{on a unix-alike}{is set when \R is configured, and}
\item{on Windows}{is the full path to \command{open.exe}, a utility
supplied with \R.}
}}
\item{\code{printcmd}:}{the command used by \code{\link{postscript}}
for printing; set by environment variable \env{R_PRINTCMD} when
\R is started. This should be a command that expects either input
to be piped to \file{stdin} or to be given a single filename
argument. Usually set to \code{"lpr"} on a Unix-alike.}
\item{\code{prompt}:}{a non-empty string to be used for \R's prompt;
should usually end in a blank (\code{" "}).}
% verbatim, for checking " \t\n\"\\'`><=%;,|&{()}"
\item{\code{rl_word_breaks}:}{(Unix only:) Used for the readline-based terminal
interface. Default value \code{" \\t\\n\\"\\\\'`><=\%;,|&{()}"}.%"
This is the set of characters use to break the input line into
tokens for object- and file-name completion. Those who do not use
spaces around operators may prefer\cr
\code{" \\t\\n\\"\\\\'`><=+-*\%;,|&{()}"}%"
}
\item{\code{save.defaults}, \code{save.image.defaults}:}{
see \code{\link{save}}.}
\item{\code{scipen}:}{integer. A penalty to be applied
when deciding to print numeric values in fixed or exponential
notation. Positive values bias towards fixed and negative towards
scientific notation: fixed notation will be preferred unless it is
more than \code{scipen} digits wider.}
\item{\code{setWidthOnResize}:}{a logical. If set and \code{TRUE}, \R
run in a terminal using a recent \code{readline} library will set
the \code{width} option when the terminal is resized.}
\item{\code{showWarnCalls}, \code{showErrorCalls}:}{a logical.
Should warning and error messages show a summary of the call
stack? By default error calls are shown in non-interactive
sessions.}
\item{\code{showNCalls}:}{integer. Controls how long the sequence
of calls must be (in bytes) before ellipses are used. Defaults to
40 and should be at least 30 and no more than 500.}
\item{\code{show.error.locations}:}{Should source locations of
errors be printed? If set to \code{TRUE} or \code{"top"}, the
source location that is highest on the stack (the most recent
call) will be printed. \code{"bottom"} will print the location
of the earliest call found on the stack.
Integer values can select other entries. The value \code{0}
corresponds to \code{"top"} and positive values count down the
stack from there. The value \code{-1} corresponds to
\code{"bottom"} and negative values count up from there.
}
\item{\code{show.error.messages}:}{a logical. Should error messages
be printed? Intended for use with \code{\link{try}} or a
user-installed error handler.}
\item{\code{stringsAsFactors}:}{The default setting for arguments of
\code{\link{data.frame}} and \code{\link{read.table}}.}
\item{\code{texi2dvi}:}{used by functions
\code{\link{texi2dvi}} and \code{\link{texi2pdf}} in package \pkg{tools}.
\describe{
\item{unix-alike only:}{
Set at startup from the environment variable \env{R_TEXI2DVICMD},
which defaults first to the value of environment variable
\env{TEXI2DVI}, and then to a value set when \R was installed (the
full path to a \command{texi2dvi} script if one was found). If
necessary, that environment variable can be set to
\code{"emulation"}.
} }
}
\item{\code{timeout}:}{integer. The timeout for some Internet
operations, in seconds. Default 60 seconds. See
\code{\link{download.file}} and \code{\link{connections}}.}
\item{\code{topLevelEnvironment}:}{see \code{\link{topenv}} and
\code{\link{sys.source}}.}
\item{\code{url.method}:}{character string: the default method for
\code{\link{url}}. Normally unset, which is equivalent to
\code{"default"}, which is \code{"internal"} except on Windows.}
\item{\code{useFancyQuotes}:}{controls the use of
directional quotes in \code{\link{sQuote}}, \code{dQuote} and in
rendering text help (see \code{\link{Rd2txt}} in package
\pkg{tools}). Can be \code{TRUE}, \code{FALSE}, \code{"TeX"} or
\code{"UTF-8"}.}
\item{\code{verbose}:}{logical. Should \R report extra information
on progress? Set to \code{TRUE} by the command-line option
\option{--verbose}.}
\item{\code{warn}:}{sets the handling of warning messages. If
\code{warn} is negative all warnings are ignored. If \code{warn}
is zero (the default) warnings are stored until the top--level
function returns. If 10 or fewer warnings were signalled they
will be printed otherwise a message saying how many were
signalled. An object called \code{last.warning} is
created and can be printed through the function
\code{\link{warnings}}. If \code{warn} is one, warnings are
printed as they occur. If \code{warn} is two (or larger, coercible
to integer), all warnings are turned into errors.}
\item{\code{warnPartialMatchArgs}:}{logical. If true, warns if
partial matching is used in argument matching.}
\item{\code{warnPartialMatchAttr}:}{logical. If true, warns if
partial matching is used in extracting attributes via
\code{\link{attr}}.}
\item{\code{warnPartialMatchDollar}:}{logical. If true, warns if
partial matching is used for extraction by \code{$}.}
\item{\code{warning.expression}:}{an \R code expression to be called
if a warning is generated, replacing the standard message. If
non-null it is called irrespective of the value of option
\code{warn}.}
\item{\code{warning.length}:}{sets the truncation limit for error
and warning messages. A non-negative integer, with allowed values
100\dots8170, default 1000.}
\item{\code{nwarnings}:}{the limit for the number of warnings kept
when \code{warn = 0}, default 50. This will discard messages if
called whilst they are being collected. If you increase this
limit, be aware that the current implementation pre-allocates
the equivalent of a named list for them, i.e., do not increase it to
more than say a million.}
\item{\code{width}:}{controls the maximum number of columns on a
line used in printing vectors, matrices and arrays, and when
filling by \code{\link{cat}}.
Columns are normally the same as characters except in East Asian
languages.
You may want to change this if you re-size the window that \R is
running in. Valid values are 10\dots10000 with default normally
80. (The limits on valid values are in file \file{Print.h} and can be
changed by re-compiling \R.) Some \R consoles automatically change
the value when they are resized.
See the examples on \link{Startup} for one way to set this
automatically from the terminal width when \R is started.
}
}
The \sQuote{factory-fresh} default settings of some of these options are
\tabular{ll}{
\code{add.smooth} \tab \code{TRUE}\cr
\code{check.bounds} \tab \code{FALSE}\cr
\code{continue} \tab \code{"+ "}\cr
\code{digits} \tab \code{7}\cr
\code{echo} \tab \code{TRUE}\cr
\code{encoding} \tab \code{"native.enc"}\cr
\code{error} \tab \code{NULL}\cr
\code{expressions} \tab \code{5000}\cr
\code{keep.source} \tab \code{interactive()}\cr
\code{keep.source.pkgs} \tab \code{FALSE}\cr
\code{max.print} \tab \code{99999}\cr
\code{OutDec} \tab \code{"."}\cr
\code{prompt} \tab \code{"> "}\cr
\code{scipen} \tab \code{0} \cr
\code{show.error.messages} \tab \code{TRUE}\cr
\code{timeout} \tab \code{60}\cr
\code{verbose} \tab \code{FALSE}\cr
\code{warn} \tab \code{0}\cr
\code{warning.length} \tab \code{1000}\cr
\code{width} \tab \code{80}\cr
}
Others are set from environment variables or are platform-dependent.
}
\section{Options set in package grDevices}{
These will be set when package \pkg{grDevices} (or its namespace)
is loaded if not already set.
\describe{
\item{\code{bitmapType}:}{(Unix only, incl. macOS) character. The
default type for the
bitmap devices such as \code{\link{png}}. Defaults to
\code{"cairo"} on systems where that is available, or to
\code{"quartz"} on macOS where that is available.}
\item{\code{device}:}{a character string giving
the name of a function, or the function object itself,
which when called creates a new graphics device of the default
type for that session. The value of this option defaults to the
normal screen device (e.g., \code{X11}, \code{windows} or
\code{quartz}) for an interactive session, and \code{pdf}
in batch use or if a screen is not available. If set to the name
of a device, the device is looked for first from the global
environment (that is down the usual search path) and then in the
\pkg{grDevices} namespace.
The default values in interactive and non-interactive sessions are
configurable via environment variables
\env{R_INTERACTIVE_DEVICE} and \env{R_DEFAULT_DEVICE}
respectively.
The search logic for \sQuote{the normal screen device} is that
this is \code{windows} on Windows, and \code{quartz} if available
on macOS (running at the console, and compiled into the build).
Otherwise \code{X11} is used if environment variable \env{DISPLAY}
is set.
}
\item{\code{device.ask.default}:}{logical. The default for
\code{\link{devAskNewPage}("ask")} when a device is opened.}
\item{\code{locatorBell}:}{logical. Should selection in \code{locator}
and \code{identify} be confirmed by a bell? Default \code{TRUE}.
Honoured at least on \code{X11} and \code{windows} devices.}
\item{\code{windowsTimeout}:}{(Windows-only) integer vector of length 2
representing two times in milliseconds. These control the
double-buffering of \code{\link{windows}} devices when that is
enabled: the first is the delay after plotting finishes
(default 100) and the second is the update interval during
continuous plotting (default 500). The values at the time the
device is opened are used.}
}
}
\section{Other options used by package graphics}{
\describe{
\item{\code{max.contour.segments}:}{positive integer, defaulting to
\code{25000} if not set. A limit on the number of
segments in a single contour line in \code{\link{contour}} or
\code{\link{contourLines}}.}
}
}
\section{Options set in package stats}{
These will be set when package \pkg{stats} (or its namespace)
is loaded if not already set.
\describe{
\item{\code{contrasts}:}{the default \code{\link{contrasts}} used in
model fitting such as with \code{\link{aov}} or \code{\link{lm}}.
A character vector of length two, the first giving the function to
be used with unordered factors and the second the function to be
used with ordered factors. By default the elements are named
\code{c("unordered", "ordered")}, but the names are unused.}
\item{\code{na.action}:}{the name of a function for treating missing
values (\code{\link{NA}}'s) for certain situations, see
\code{\link{na.action}} and \code{\link{na.pass}}.}
\item{\code{show.coef.Pvalues}:}{logical, affecting whether P
values are printed in summary tables of coefficients. See
\code{\link{printCoefmat}}.}
\item{\code{show.nls.convergence}:}{logical, should \code{\link{nls}}
convergence messages be printed for successful fits?}
\item{\code{show.signif.stars}:}{logical, should stars be printed on
summary tables of coefficients? See \code{\link{printCoefmat}}.}
\item{\code{ts.eps}:}{the relative tolerance for certain time series
(\code{\link{ts}}) computations. Default \code{1e-05}.}
\item{\code{ts.S.compat}:}{logical. Used to select S compatibility
for plotting time-series spectra. See the description of argument
\code{log} in \code{\link{plot.spec}}.}
}
}
\section{Options set (or used) in package utils}{
These will be set (apart from \code{Ncpus}) when package \pkg{utils}
(or its namespace) is loaded if not already set.
\describe{
\item{\code{BioC_mirror}:}{The URL of a Bioconductor mirror
for use by \code{\link{setRepositories}},
e.g.\sspace{}the default \samp{"https://bioconductor.org"}
or the European mirror
\samp{"https://bioconductor.statistik.tu-dortmund.de"}. Can be set
by \code{\link{chooseBioCmirror}}.}
\item{\code{browser}:}{The HTML browser to be used by
\code{\link{browseURL}}. This sets the default browser on UNIX or
a non-default browser on Windows. Alternatively, an \R function
that is called with a URL as its argument. See
\code{\link{browseURL}} for further details.}
\item{\code{ccaddress}:}{default Cc: address used by
\code{\link{create.post}} (and hence\code{\link{bug.report}} and
\code{\link{help.request}}). Can be \code{FALSE} or \code{""}.}
\item{\code{citation.bibtex.max}:}{default 1; the maximal number of
bibentries (\code{\link{bibentry}}) in a \code{\link{citation}} for
which the bibtex version is printed in addition to the text one.}
\item{\code{de.cellwidth}:}{integer: the cell widths (number of
characters) to be used in the data editor \code{\link{dataentry}}.
If this is unset (the default), 0, negative or \code{NA}, variable
cell widths are used.}
\item{\code{demo.ask}:}{default for the \code{ask} argument of
\code{\link{demo}}.}
\item{\code{editor}:}{a non-empty character string or an \R function
that sets the default text editor, e.g., for \code{\link{edit}}
and \code{\link{file.edit}}. Set from the environment variable
\env{EDITOR} on UNIX, or if unset \env{VISUAL} or \command{vi}.
As a string it should specify the name of or path to an external
command.}
\item{\code{example.ask}:}{default for the \code{ask} argument of
\code{\link{example}}.}
\item{\code{help.ports}:}{optional integer vector for setting ports
of the internal HTTP server, see \code{\link{startDynamicHelp}}.}
\item{\code{help.search.types}:}{default types of documentation
to be searched by \code{\link{help.search}} and \code{\link{??}}.}
\item{\code{help.try.all.packages}:}{default for an argument of
\code{\link{help}}.}
\item{\code{help_type}:}{default for an argument of
\code{\link{help}}, used also as the help type by \code{\link{?}}.}
\item{\code{HTTPUserAgent}:}{string used as the \sQuote{user agent} in
HTTP(S) requests by \code{\link{download.file}}, \code{\link{url}}
and \code{\link{curlGetHeaders}}, or \code{NULL} when requests will
be made without a user agent header. The default is
\code{R (<version> <platform> <arch> <os>)}
except when \samp{libcurl} is used when it is
\code{libcurl/7.<xx>.<y>} for the \samp{libcurl} version in use.}
\item{\code{install.lock}:}{logical: should per-directory package
locking be used by \code{\link{install.packages}}? Most useful
for binary installs on macOS and Windows, but can be used in a
startup file for source installs \emph{via}
\command{R CMD \link{INSTALL}}. For binary installs, can also be
the character string \code{"pkglock"}.}
\item{\code{internet.info}:}{The minimum level of information to be
printed on URL downloads etc, using the \code{"internal"} and
\code{"libcurl"} methods.
Default is 2, for failure causes. Set to 1 or 0 to get more
detailed information (for the \code{"internal"} method 0 provides
more information than 1).
}
\item{\code{install.packages.check.source}:}{Used by
\code{\link{install.packages}} (and indirectly
\code{\link{update.packages}}) on platforms which support binary
packages. Possible values \code{"yes"} and \code{"no"}, with
unset being equivalent to \code{"yes"}.}
\item{\code{install.packages.compile.from.source}:}{Used by
\code{\link{install.packages}(type = "both")} (and indirectly
\code{\link{update.packages}}) on platforms which
support binary packages. Possible values are \code{"never"},
\code{"interactive"} (which means ask in interactive use and
\code{"never"} in batch use) and \code{"always"}. The default is
taken from environment variable
\env{R_COMPILE_AND_INSTALL_PACKAGES}, with default
\code{"interactive"} if unset. However, \code{install.packages}
uses \code{"never"} unless a \command{make} program is found,
consulting the environment variable \env{MAKE}.}
\item{\code{mailer}:}{default emailing method used by
\code{\link{create.post}} and hence \code{\link{bug.report}} and
\code{\link{help.request}}.}
\item{\code{menu.graphics}:}{Logical: should graphical menus be used
if available?. Defaults to \code{TRUE}. Currently applies to
\code{\link{select.list}}, \code{\link{chooseCRANmirror}},
\code{\link{setRepositories}} and to select from multiple (text)
help files in \code{\link{help}}.}
\item{\code{Ncpus}:}{an integer \eqn{n \ge 1}{n >= 1}, used in
\code{\link{install.packages}} as default for the number of cpus
to use in a potentially parallel installation, as
\code{Ncpus = getOption("Ncpus", 1L)}, i.e., when unset is
equivalent to a setting of 1.}
\item{\code{pkgType}:}{The default type of packages to be downloaded
and installed -- see \code{\link{install.packages}}.
Possible values are platform dependently
\describe{
\item{on Windows}{
\code{"win.binary"}, \code{"source"} and
\code{"both"} (the default).}
\item{on unix-alikes}{\code{"source"} (the default except under a
CRAN macOS build), \code{"mac.binary.el-capitan"} and
\code{"both"} (the default for CRAN macOS builds).
(\code{"mac.binary.mavericks"}, \code{"mac.binary.leopard"},
\code{"mac.binary.universal"} are no longer in use.)}
}
Value \code{"binary"} is a synonym for the native binary type (if
there is one); \code{"both"} is used by
\code{\link{install.packages}} to choose between source and binary
installs.
}
\item{\code{repos}:}{URLs of the repositories for use by
\code{\link{update.packages}}. Defaults to
\code{c(CRAN="@CRAN@")}, a value that causes some utilities to
prompt for a CRAN mirror. To avoid this do set the CRAN mirror,
by something like
\code{local({r <- getOption("repos"); r["CRAN"] <- "http://my.local.cran";
options(repos = r)})}.
Note that you can add more repositories (Bioconductor,
R-Forge, Rforge.net \dots)
using \code{\link{setRepositories}}.
}
\item{\code{SweaveHooks}, \code{SweaveSyntax}:}{
see \code{\link{Sweave}}.
}
\item{\code{unzip}:}{a character string used by \code{\link{unzip}}:
the path of the external program \command{unzip} or \code{"internal"}.
Defaults (platform dependently)
\describe{
\item{on unix-alikes}{to the value of \env{R_UNZIPCMD}, which is set in
\file{etc/Renviron} to the path of the \code{unzip} command found
during configuration and otherwise to \code{""}.}
\item{on Windows}{to \code{"internal"} when the internal unzip
code is used.}
}
}
}
}
\section{Options set in package parallel}{
These will be set when package \pkg{parallel} (or its namespace)
is loaded if not already set.
\describe{
\item{\code{mc.cores}:}{a integer giving the maximum allowed number
of \emph{additional} \R processes allowed to be run in parallel to
the current \R process. Defaults to the setting of the
environment variable \env{MC_CORES} if set. Most applications
which use this assume a limit of \code{2} if it is unset.
}
}
}
\section{Options used on Unix only}{
\describe{
\item{\code{dvipscmd}:}{character string giving a command to be used in
the (deprecated) off-line printing of help pages \emph{via}
PostScript. Defaults to \command{"dvips"}.}
}
}
\section{Options used on Windows only}{
\describe{
\item{\code{warn.FPU}:}{logical, by default undefined. If true,
a \link{warning} is produced whenever \link{dyn.load} repairs the
control word damaged by a buggy DLL.}
}
}
\references{
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988)
\emph{The New S Language}.
Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
}
\examples{
op <- options(); utils::str(op) # op is a named list
getOption("width") == options()$width # the latter needs more memory
options(digits = 15)
pi
# set the editor, and save previous value
old.o <- options(editor = "nedit")
old.o
options(check.bounds = TRUE, warn = 1)
x <- NULL; x[4] <- "yes" # gives a warning
options(digits = 5)
print(1e5)
options(scipen = 3); print(1e5)
options(op) # reset (all) initial options
options("digits")
\dontrun{## set contrast handling to be like S
options(contrasts = c("contr.helmert", "contr.poly"))
}
\dontrun{## on error, terminate the R session with error status 66
options(error = quote(q("no", status = 66, runLast = FALSE)))
stop("test it")
}
\dontrun{## Set error actions for debugging:
## enter browser on error, see ?recover:
options(error = recover)
## allows to call debugger() afterwards, see ?debugger:
options(error = dump.frames)
## A possible setting for non-interactive sessions
options(error = quote({dump.frames(to.file = TRUE); q()}))
}
# Compare the two ways to get an option and use it
# acconting for the possibility it might not be set.
if(as.logical(getOption("performCleanp", TRUE)))
cat("do cleanup\n")
\dontrun{
# a clumsier way of expressing the above w/o the default.
tmp <- getOption("performCleanup")
if(is.null(tmp))
tmp <- TRUE
if(tmp)
cat("do cleanup\n")
}
}
\keyword{environment}
\keyword{error}
\keyword{print}