code cleanup - reduntant method calls

Signed-off-by: Lukas Jungmann <lukas.jungmann@oracle.com>
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index bdf11ad..a62644e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 [//]: # "  "
 [//]: # " SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR BSD-3-Clause "
 
+[![Language grade: Java](https://img.shields.io/lgtm/grade/java/g/eclipse-ee4j/eclipselink.svg?logo=lgtm&logoWidth=18)](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/eclipse-ee4j/eclipselink/context:java)
+[![Total alerts](https://img.shields.io/lgtm/alerts/g/eclipse-ee4j/eclipselink.svg?logo=lgtm&logoWidth=18)](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/eclipse-ee4j/eclipselink/alerts/)
+
 EclipseLink master (3.1.x)
 [![Maven Central](https://img.shields.io/maven-central/v/org.eclipse.persistence/eclipselink.svg?versionPrefix=3.1&label=Maven%20Central)](https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.eclipse.persistence/eclipselink)
 [![Jakarta Staging (Snapshots)](https://img.shields.io/nexus/s/https/jakarta.oss.sonatype.org/org.eclipse.persistence/eclipselink.svg)](https://jakarta.oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/staging/org/eclipse/persistence/eclipselink)
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProject.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProject.java
index c1eed47..0e62ca7 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProject.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProject.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
         }
         dynamicHelper = new DynamicHelper(session);
         session.login();
-        new DynamicSchemaManager(session).createTables(new DynamicType[0]);
+        new DynamicSchemaManager(session).createTables();
     }
 
     @AfterClass
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProjectNoLogin.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProjectNoLogin.java
index 410ff32..8a92b55 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProjectNoLogin.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dynamic/projectxml/SimpleMapProjectNoLogin.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
         }
         dynamicHelper = new DynamicHelper(session);
         session.login();
-        new DynamicSchemaManager(session).createTables(new DynamicType[0]);
+        new DynamicSchemaManager(session).createTables();
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/CacheStatementBatchWritingTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/CacheStatementBatchWritingTest.java
index 346df96..b93d2f9 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/CacheStatementBatchWritingTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/CacheStatementBatchWritingTest.java
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
         Map statementCache = null;
         String sql = getSession().getDescriptor(Address.class).getQueryManager().getInsertQuery().getSQLString();
         try {
-            Method method = uow.getParent().getAccessor().getClass().getDeclaredMethod("getStatementCache", new Class[] { });
+            Method method = uow.getParent().getAccessor().getClass().getDeclaredMethod("getStatementCache");
             method.setAccessible(true);
             statementCache = (Map)method.invoke(uow.getParent().getAccessor(), new Object[] { });
             statement =  (PreparedStatement)statementCache.get(sql);
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/SequencingConcurrencyTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/SequencingConcurrencyTest.java
index 66fd061..6aa0986 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/SequencingConcurrencyTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/feature/SequencingConcurrencyTest.java
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
         // Verify
         for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i++) {
             if (tests[i].exception != null) {
-                throw new org.eclipse.persistence.testing.framework.TestErrorException("exception in thread " + i + ", session(" + String.valueOf(System.identityHashCode(session)) + ") ", tests[i].exception);
+                throw new org.eclipse.persistence.testing.framework.TestErrorException("exception in thread " + i + ", session(" + System.identityHashCode(session) + ") ", tests[i].exception);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/inheritance/STI_JoinedAttributeTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/inheritance/STI_JoinedAttributeTest.java
index db7a7c9..fe05a00 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/inheritance/STI_JoinedAttributeTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/inheritance/STI_JoinedAttributeTest.java
@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@
     // executes the method with the same name as the test
     @Override
     protected void test() throws Exception {
-        Method method = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(getName(), new Class[]{});
-        method.invoke(this, new Object[] {});
+        Method method = this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(getName());
+        method.invoke(this);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/plsql/PLSQLTestModel.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/plsql/PLSQLTestModel.java
index ed64dcc..6245aa5 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/plsql/PLSQLTestModel.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/plsql/PLSQLTestModel.java
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@
         suite.addTest(test);
 
         args = new ArrayList();
-        collection = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(new String[] { "Ottawa", "Toronto" }));
+        collection = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList("Ottawa", "Toronto"));
         args.add(collection);
         args.add("Nepean");
         result = new DatabaseRecord();
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@
         suite.addTest(test);
 
         args = new ArrayList();
-        collection = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(new Object[] { address, address }));
+        collection = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(address, address));
         args.add(collection);
         args.add("Nepean");
         result = new DatabaseRecord();
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@
         suite.addTest(test);
 
         args = new ArrayList();
-        collection = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(new Object[] { employee, employee }));
+        collection = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(employee, employee));
         args.add(collection);
         args.add("Nepean");
         result = new DatabaseRecord();
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/returning/DescriptorExceptionTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/returning/DescriptorExceptionTest.java
index e2db8f7..e4babc0 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/returning/DescriptorExceptionTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/returning/DescriptorExceptionTest.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 
     public DescriptorExceptionTest(int errorCode) {
         this.errorCode = errorCode;
-        setName(getName() + " errorCode=" + Integer.toString(errorCode));
+        setName(getName() + " errorCode=" + errorCode);
     }
 
     public DescriptorExceptionTest(int errorCode, String more) {
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestCase.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestCase.java
index c02457e..5f6dd63 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestCase.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestCase.java
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
     protected void invokeTest() throws Throwable {
         Method method = this.methodNamed(this.getZName());
         try {
-            method.invoke(this, new Object[0]);
+            method.invoke(this);
         } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
             throw new RuntimeException("The method '" + method + "' (and its class) must be public.");
         } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
      */
     private Method methodNamed(String name) {
         try {
-            return this.getClass().getMethod(zName, new Class[0]);
+            return this.getClass().getMethod(zName);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
             throw new RuntimeException("Method named " + name + " not found.");
         }
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestSuite.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestSuite.java
index a44f3db..96eb9cf 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestSuite.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/transparentindirection/ZTestSuite.java
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
      */
     private Constructor singleArgumentConstructorFor(Class testCaseClass) {
         try {
-            return testCaseClass.getConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
+            return testCaseClass.getConstructor(String.class);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
             String name = testCaseClass.getName();
             throw new RuntimeException("The class '" + name + "' must implement the constructor '" + name + "(String)'");
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/unitofwork/CloneAttributeIfMutableTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/unitofwork/CloneAttributeIfMutableTest.java
index cb43ce1..c163279 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/unitofwork/CloneAttributeIfMutableTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/unitofwork/CloneAttributeIfMutableTest.java
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
             buffer.append(Helper.cr());
             for (int i = 0; i < errors.size(); i++) {
                 Throwable t = (Throwable)errors.get(i);
-                buffer.append(String.valueOf(t));
+                buffer.append(t);
                 buffer.append(Helper.cr());
             }
             throw new TestErrorException(buffer.toString());
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/validation/GetTableNameTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/validation/GetTableNameTest.java
index 0f9709f..8fea38e 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/validation/GetTableNameTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/validation/GetTableNameTest.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     @Override
     protected void verify() {
         if (caughtException != expectedException) {
-            throw new TestErrorException("The proper exception was not thrown:\n" + "[CAUGHT] " + caughtException + "\n\n[EXPECTING] " + String.valueOf(expectedException));
+            throw new TestErrorException("The proper exception was not thrown:\n" + "[CAUGHT] " + caughtException + "\n\n[EXPECTING] " + expectedException);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaSEPlatformTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaSEPlatformTest.java
index c89aadb..08ca0d6 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaSEPlatformTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaSEPlatformTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2018, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@
         for (final VersionData data : TO_VALUE_DATA) {
             final JavaSEPlatform out = JavaSEPlatform.toValue(data.major, data.minor);
             assertEquals("Expected " + data.platform.toString()
-                    + " for version number " + Integer.toString(data.major) + "."
-                    + Integer.toString(data.minor), data.platform, out);
+                    + " for version number " + data.major + "."
+                    + data.minor, data.platform, out);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaUtilTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaUtilTest.java
index 939d156..05eca64 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaUtilTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaUtilTest.java
@@ -116,10 +116,10 @@
             String versionString = JavaSEPlatform.versionString(major, minor);
             JavaSEPlatform platform = JavaSEPlatform.toValue(versionString);
             assertNotNull("There should exist platform for valid platform"
-                    +" version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]", platform);
+                    +" version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]", platform);
             int[] result = resultMapping(version);
             assertTrue("Returned platform version numbers do not match provided"
-                    + " version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]",
+                    + " version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]",
                     result[0] == platform.getMajor() && result[1] == platform.getMinor());
         }
         // Invalid version number pairs.
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
             String versionString = JavaSEPlatform.versionString(major, minor);
             JavaSEPlatform platform = JavaSEPlatform.toValue(major, minor);
             assertTrue("Returned platform shall be JavaSEPlatform.LATEST for invalid version "
-                    + "number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]",
+                    + "number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]",
                     LATEST.getMajor() == platform.getMajor() && LATEST.getMinor() == platform.getMinor());
         }
     }
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@
             int minor = version[1];
             JavaSEPlatform platform = JavaSEPlatform.toValue(major, minor);
             assertNotNull("There should exist platform for valid platform"
-                    +" version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]", platform);
+                    +" version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]", platform);
             int[] result = resultMapping(version);
             assertTrue("Returned platform version numbers do not match provided"
-                    + " version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]",
+                    + " version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]",
                     result[0] == platform.getMajor() && result[1] == platform.getMinor());
         }
         // Invalid version number pairs.
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
             int minor = version[1];
             JavaSEPlatform platform = JavaSEPlatform.toValue(major, minor);
             assertTrue("Returned platform shall be JavaSEPlatform.LATEST for invalid version "
-                    + "number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]",
+                    + "number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]",
                     LATEST.getMajor() == platform.getMajor() && LATEST.getMinor() == platform.getMinor());
         }
     }
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaVersionTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaVersionTest.java
index f590a4e..dd86863 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaVersionTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/helper/JavaVersionTest.java
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@
                 final JavaVersion javaVersion =  ReflectionHelper.<JavaVersion>invokeStaticMethod(
                         "propertyVersionParser", JavaVersion.class, new Class[] {String.class}, JavaVersion.class, versionString);
                 assertNotNull("JavaVersion instance must be returned for valid platform"
-                        +" version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]", javaVersion);
+                        +" version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]", javaVersion);
                 assertTrue("Returned JavaVersion instance numbers do not match provided"
-                        + " version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]", major == javaVersion.getMajor()
+                        + " version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]", major == javaVersion.getMajor()
                         && minor == javaVersion.getMinor());
             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
                 fail("Exception: " + e.getMessage());
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@
                 final JavaVersion javaVersion =  ReflectionHelper.<JavaVersion>invokeStaticMethod(
                         "propertyVersionParser", JavaVersion.class, new Class[] {String.class}, JavaVersion.class, versionString);
                 assertNotNull("JavaVersion instance must be returned for invalid platform"
-                        +" version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]", javaVersion);
+                        +" version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]", javaVersion);
                 assertTrue("Returned JavaVersion instance numbers do not match provided"
-                        + " version number ["+Integer.toString(major)+","+Integer.toString(minor)+"]", major == javaVersion.getMajor()
+                        + " version number ["+ major +","+ minor +"]", major == javaVersion.getMajor()
                         && minor == javaVersion.getMinor());
             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
                 fail("Exception: " + e.getMessage());
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/identitymaps/CacheIdTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/identitymaps/CacheIdTest.java
index e2c84d7..f3a8627 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/identitymaps/CacheIdTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/identitymaps/CacheIdTest.java
@@ -83,17 +83,17 @@
 			newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}, new Object[] {"b", "c"}),
 			newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}, new Object[] {"b", "c"}));
 		equal("one primaryKey - equal",
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}),
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}));
+			newCacheId("a", "b"),
+			newCacheId("a", "b"));
 
 		smaller("one primaryKey - smaller on first element",
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"b", "c"}));
+			newCacheId("a", "b"), newCacheId("b", "c"));
 		greater("one primaryKey - greater on first element",
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"b", "c"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "c"}));
+			newCacheId("b", "c"), newCacheId("a", "c"));
 		smaller("one primaryKey - smaller on last element",
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"b", "a", "b"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"b", "a", "c"}));
+			newCacheId("b", "a", "b"), newCacheId("b", "a", "c"));
 		greater("one primaryKey - greater  on last element",
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"0", "0", "c"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"0", "0", "b"}));
+			newCacheId("0", "0", "c"), newCacheId("0", "0", "b"));
 
 		smaller("many primaryKey - smaller",
 			newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}, new Object[] {"b", "b"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}, new Object[] {"b", "c"}));
@@ -101,9 +101,9 @@
 			newCacheId(new Object[] {"b", "c"}, new Object[] {"a", "d"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"b", "c"}, new Object[] {"a", "c"}));
 
 		greater("one primaryKey - smaller by different size",
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"a", "b"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"a"}));
+			newCacheId("a", "b"), newCacheId("a"));
 		smaller("one primaryKey - greater by different size",
-			newCacheId(new Object[] {"b"}), newCacheId(new Object[] {"b", "a"}));
+			newCacheId("b"), newCacheId("b", "a"));
 	}
 
 	@Test
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/localization/LocalizationResourcesTest.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/localization/LocalizationResourcesTest.java
index b32f95b..89eb97b 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/localization/LocalizationResourcesTest.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/localization/LocalizationResourcesTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2016, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2016, 2018 IBM Corporation. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
         final Set<String> keys = new HashSet<>();
         Object[][] bundle;
         try {
-            Object instance = ReflectionHelper.getInstance(c, new Class[] {}, new Object[] {});
+            Object instance = ReflectionHelper.getInstance(c, new Class[] {});
             bundle = (Object[][])ReflectionHelper.invokeMethod("getContents", instance, new Class[] {}, new Object[] {});
         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException | SecurityException e) {
             Assert.fail("Could not access " + bundleName + "#getContents()");
diff --git a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/logging/LogLevelHelper.java b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/logging/LogLevelHelper.java
index 82f3aff..d783008 100644
--- a/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/logging/LogLevelHelper.java
+++ b/foundation/eclipselink.core.test/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/junit/logging/LogLevelHelper.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2015, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -76,14 +76,14 @@
         for (LogLevel level : LogLevel.values()) {
             int id = level.getId();
             LogLevel levelValue = LogLevel.toValue(id);
-            assertEquals("Log level was not found for ID: " + Integer.toString(id), level, levelValue);
+            assertEquals("Log level was not found for ID: " + id, level, levelValue);
         }
         // Check some invalid IDs.
         final int[] invalidIds = new int[] { -2, -1, LogLevel.length, LogLevel.length + 1};
         for (int id : invalidIds) {
             try {
                 LogLevel.toValue(-1);
-                fail("LogLevel.toValue(" + Integer.toString(id) + ") shall throw IllegalArgumentException");
+                fail("LogLevel.toValue(" + id + ") shall throw IllegalArgumentException");
             } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
                 // This exception is expected for illegal IDs.
             }
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@
             int id = level.getId();
             LogLevel levelValue = level == LogLevel.ALL
                     ? LogLevel.toValue(id, LogLevel.OFF) : LogLevel.toValue(id, LogLevel.ALL);
-            assertEquals("Log level was not found for ID: " + Integer.toString(id), level, levelValue);
+            assertEquals("Log level was not found for ID: " + id, level, levelValue);
         }
         // Check some invalid IDs, expecting LogLevel.ALL as fall back.
         final int[] invalidIds = new int[] { -2, -1, LogLevel.length, LogLevel.length + 1};
         for (int id : invalidIds) {
             LogLevel level = LogLevel.toValue(id, LogLevel.ALL);
-            assertEquals("Expected log level " + LogLevel.ALL.getName() + " for ID: " + Integer.toString(id),
+            assertEquals("Expected log level " + LogLevel.ALL.getName() + " for ID: " + id,
                     level, LogLevel.ALL);
         }
     }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JUnitTestCase.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JUnitTestCase.java
index 2498ddf..af9d8c7 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JUnitTestCase.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JUnitTestCase.java
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@
     @Override
     public void setup() throws Throwable {
         try {
-            Method setUp = testCase.getClass().getMethod("setUp", new Class[0]);
+            Method setUp = testCase.getClass().getMethod("setUp");
             setUp.setAccessible(true);
-            setUp.invoke(testCase, new Object[0]);
+            setUp.invoke(testCase);
         } catch (InvocationTargetException exception) {
             throw exception.getTargetException();
         } catch (Exception exception) {
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@
     @Override
     public void reset() throws Throwable {
         try {
-            Method tearDown = testCase.getClass().getMethod("tearDown", new Class[0]);
+            Method tearDown = testCase.getClass().getMethod("tearDown");
             tearDown.setAccessible(true);
-            tearDown.invoke(testCase, new Object[0]);
+            tearDown.invoke(testCase);
         } catch (InvocationTargetException exception) {
             throw exception.getTargetException();
         } catch (Exception exception) {
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@
         try {
             Method runTest = null;
             try {
-                runTest = testCase.getClass().getMethod(testCase.getName(), new Class[0]);
+                runTest = testCase.getClass().getMethod(testCase.getName());
             } catch (NoSuchMethodException exc) {
-                runTest = testCase.getClass().getMethod("runTest", new Class[0]);
+                runTest = testCase.getClass().getMethod("runTest");
             }
             runTest.setAccessible(true);
-            runTest.invoke(testCase, new Object[0]);
+            runTest.invoke(testCase);
         } catch (InvocationTargetException exception) {
             throw exception.getTargetException();
         } catch (Exception exception) {
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
         }
         junit.framework.TestSuite suite;
         try {
-            Method suiteMethod = junitTestCaseClass.getMethod("suite", new Class[0]);
+            Method suiteMethod = junitTestCaseClass.getMethod("suite");
             suiteMethod.setAccessible(true);
             junit.framework.Test test = (junit.framework.Test)suiteMethod.invoke(null, new Object[0]);
             while(test instanceof junit.extensions.TestDecorator) {
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JoinedAttributeTestHelper.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JoinedAttributeTestHelper.java
index 0e313f1..afed342 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JoinedAttributeTestHelper.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/JoinedAttributeTestHelper.java
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
             }
         }
         if(col1.size() != col2.size()) {
-            errorMsg = ": size1==" + Integer.toString(col1.size()) + "!= size2==" + Integer.toString(col2.size()) + ";  ";
+            errorMsg = ": size1==" + col1.size() + "!= size2==" + col2.size() + ";  ";
             return errorMsg;
         }
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@
             }
         }
         if(map1.size() != map2.size()) {
-            errorMsg = ": size1==" + Integer.toString(map1.size()) + "!= size2==" + Integer.toString(map2.size()) + ";  ";
+            errorMsg = ": size1==" + map1.size() + "!= size2==" + map2.size() + ";  ";
             return errorMsg;
         }
 
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/ui/TestingBrowserPanel.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/ui/TestingBrowserPanel.java
index d475ec4..614154e 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/ui/TestingBrowserPanel.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/ui/TestingBrowserPanel.java
@@ -1310,7 +1310,7 @@
         // Look for standard tests.
         try {
             testModelClass = Class.forName("org.eclipse.persistence.testing.tests.TestRunModel");
-            java.lang.reflect.Method buildTestsMethod = testModelClass.getMethod("buildAllModels", new Class[0]);
+            java.lang.reflect.Method buildTestsMethod = testModelClass.getMethod("buildAllModels");
             Vector result = (Vector)buildTestsMethod.invoke(null, new Object[0]);
             Helper.addAllToVector(allModels, result);
         } catch (Exception exception) {
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/TestRunModel.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/TestRunModel.java
index 63fe1f5..9583c35 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/TestRunModel.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/TestRunModel.java
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
                 if(TestModel.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                     model.addTest((TestModel)cls.getConstructor().newInstance());
                 } else {
-                    Method suite = cls.getDeclaredMethod("suite", new Class[]{});
+                    Method suite = cls.getDeclaredMethod("suite");
                     model.addTest((Test)suite.invoke(null, new Object[]{}));
                 }
             } catch (Throwable exception) {
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
                 if(TestModel.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                     model.addTest((TestModel)cls.getConstructor().newInstance());
                 } else {
-                    Method suite = cls.getDeclaredMethod("suite", new Class[]{});
+                    Method suite = cls.getDeclaredMethod("suite");
                     model.addTest((Test)suite.invoke(null, new Object[]{}));
                 }
             } catch (Throwable exception) {
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@
                 if(TestModel.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
                     model.addTest((TestModel)cls.getConstructor().newInstance());
                 } else {
-                    Method suite = cls.getDeclaredMethod("suite", new Class[]{});
+                    Method suite = cls.getDeclaredMethod("suite");
                     model.addTest((Test)suite.invoke(null, new Object[]{}));
                 }
             } catch (Throwable exception) {
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/exceptions/i18n/ExceptionMessageGenerator.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/exceptions/i18n/ExceptionMessageGenerator.java
index d4b5408..ce1b813 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/exceptions/i18n/ExceptionMessageGenerator.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/exceptions/i18n/ExceptionMessageGenerator.java
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
                     }
                 }
             }
-            return MessageFormat.format(errorMessage, new Object[] {message, vec});
+            return MessageFormat.format(errorMessage, message, vec);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/core/queries/CoreAttributeConverter.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/core/queries/CoreAttributeConverter.java
index 6b6111b..a91ccfe 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/core/queries/CoreAttributeConverter.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/core/queries/CoreAttributeConverter.java
@@ -213,26 +213,26 @@
                 item = nameOrPath[i];
                 if (item == null) {
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Name or path value at index "
-                            + Integer.toString(i) + " is null");
+                            + i + " is null");
                 }
                 final int itemLen = item.length();
                 // Empty String.
                 if (itemLen == 0) {
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException("Name or path value at index "
-                            + Integer.toString(i) + " is empty String");
+                            + i + " is empty String");
                 // String contains at least one character.
                 } else {
                     switch(item.charAt(0)) {
                     case TAB: case LF: case FF: case CR: case SPACE:
                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Name or path value at index "
-                                + Integer.toString(i) + " starts with whitespace");
+                                + i + " starts with whitespace");
                     }
                     // String contains more than one character.
                     if (itemLen > 0) {
                         switch(item.charAt(itemLen - 1)) {
                         case TAB: case LF: case FF: case CR: case SPACE:
                             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Name or path value at index "
-                                    + Integer.toString(i) + " ends with whitespace");
+                                    + i + " ends with whitespace");
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/descriptors/DescriptorHelper.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/descriptors/DescriptorHelper.java
index 671b763..1c5e6a7 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/descriptors/DescriptorHelper.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/descriptors/DescriptorHelper.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2014, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
                 if (i > 0) {
                     target.append(separator);
                 }
-                target.append(StringHelper.QUESTION_MARK).append(Integer.toString(i+1));
+                target.append(StringHelper.QUESTION_MARK).append(i + 1);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
             DatabaseMapping mapping = i.next();
             DatabaseField field = mapping.getField();
             if (!keys.contains(field)) {
-                target.append(field.getName()).append(binder).append(Integer.toString(++idx));
+                target.append(field.getName()).append(binder).append(++idx);
                 if (i.hasNext()) {
                     target.append(separator);
                 }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/expressions/SQLSelectStatement.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/expressions/SQLSelectStatement.java
index 742262d..53064a8 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/expressions/SQLSelectStatement.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/expressions/SQLSelectStatement.java
@@ -2127,7 +2127,7 @@
     * The alias is automatically truncated
     */
     public String generatedAlias(String fieldName) {
-        return "a" + String.valueOf(getNextFieldCounterValue());
+        return "a" + getNextFieldCounterValue();
      }
 
     /**
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/helper/JavaSEPlatform.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/helper/JavaSEPlatform.java
index df56e08..3c19231 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/helper/JavaSEPlatform.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/helper/JavaSEPlatform.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -223,9 +223,9 @@
      */
     public static final String versionString(final int major, final int minor) {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(4);
-        sb.append(Integer.toString(major));
+        sb.append(major);
         sb.append(JavaVersion.SEPARATOR);
-        sb.append(Integer.toString(minor));
+        sb.append(minor);
         return sb.toString();
     }
 
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/oxm/XPathObjectBuilder.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/oxm/XPathObjectBuilder.java
index 4993b9e..487197f 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/oxm/XPathObjectBuilder.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/oxm/XPathObjectBuilder.java
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@
                     Object contextProxy = CycleRecoverableContextProxy.getProxy(cycleRecoverableContextClass, jaxbMarshaller);
                     // Invoke onCycleDetected method, passing in proxy, and reset
                     // 'object' to the returned value
-                    Method onCycleDetectedMethod = object.getClass().getMethod(ON_CYCLE_DETECTED, new Class[] { cycleRecoverableContextClass });
+                    Method onCycleDetectedMethod = object.getClass().getMethod(ON_CYCLE_DETECTED, cycleRecoverableContextClass);
                     object = PrivilegedAccessHelper.invokeMethod(onCycleDetectedMethod, object, new Object[] { contextProxy });
                 } catch (Exception e) {
                     throw XMLMarshalException.marshalException(e);
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/logging/AbstractSessionLog.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/logging/AbstractSessionLog.java
index 14b9c1e..72d40eb 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/logging/AbstractSessionLog.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/logging/AbstractSessionLog.java
@@ -830,9 +830,9 @@
     protected String getConnectionString(Accessor connection) {
         // Bug 3630182 - if possible, print the actual connection's hashcode instead of just the accessor
         if (connection.getDatasourceConnection() == null){
-            return CONNECTION_STRING + "(" + String.valueOf(System.identityHashCode(connection)) + ")";
+            return CONNECTION_STRING + "(" + System.identityHashCode(connection) + ")";
         } else {
-             return CONNECTION_STRING + "(" + String.valueOf(System.identityHashCode(connection.getDatasourceConnection())) + ")";
+             return CONNECTION_STRING + "(" + System.identityHashCode(connection.getDatasourceConnection()) + ")";
         }
     }
 
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@
      * Return the specified thread information.
      */
     protected String getThreadString(Thread thread) {
-        return THREAD_STRING + "(" + String.valueOf(thread) + ")";
+        return THREAD_STRING + "(" + thread + ")";
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/queries/ObjectLevelModifyQuery.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/queries/ObjectLevelModifyQuery.java
index 22f8359..447e6c2 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/queries/ObjectLevelModifyQuery.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/queries/ObjectLevelModifyQuery.java
@@ -275,6 +275,6 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return Helper.getShortClassName(getClass()) + "(" + String.valueOf(getObject()) + ")";
+        return Helper.getShortClassName(getClass()) + "(" + getObject() + ")";
     }
 }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/services/RuntimeServices.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/services/RuntimeServices.java
index 3ce49ff..c4da40b 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/services/RuntimeServices.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/services/RuntimeServices.java
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@
              for (int j = 0; j < names.length; j++) {
                  String name = names[j];
                  Object value = cdata.get(name);
-                 returnRow[j] = name + " : " + String.valueOf(value);
+                 returnRow[j] = name + " : " + value;
              }
              data[i] = returnRow;
          }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/TableSequenceDefinition.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/TableSequenceDefinition.java
index 0934517..ef361b3 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/TableSequenceDefinition.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/TableSequenceDefinition.java
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
             writer.write("(" + getSequenceNameFieldName());
             writer.write(", " + getSequenceCounterFieldName());
             writer.write(") values (");
-            writer.write("'" + getName() + "', "  + Integer.toString(sequence.getInitialValue() - 1) + ")");
+            writer.write("'" + getName() + "', "  + (sequence.getInitialValue() - 1) + ")");
         } catch (IOException ioException) {
             throw ValidationException.fileError(ioException);
         }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/UnaryTableSequenceDefinition.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/UnaryTableSequenceDefinition.java
index 96bad72..bce6192 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/UnaryTableSequenceDefinition.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/schemaframework/UnaryTableSequenceDefinition.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
             writer.write("INSERT INTO ");
             writer.write(getName());
             writer.write("(" + getSequenceCounterFieldName());
-            writer.write(") values ("+Integer.toString(sequence.getInitialValue() - 1)+")");
+            writer.write(") values ("+ (sequence.getInitialValue() - 1) +")");
         } catch (IOException ioException) {
             throw ValidationException.fileError(ioException);
         }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerHelper.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerHelper.java
index 2639eae..f3ba43e 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerHelper.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerHelper.java
@@ -132,13 +132,13 @@
             final int defaultLevel = logger.getLevel(category.getName());
             switch(category) {
             case ALL:
-                assertEquals("SLF4J logging level " + Integer.toString(defaultLevel)
-                        + " does not match configured/default level " + Integer.toString(configuredDefaultLevel)
+                assertEquals("SLF4J logging level " + defaultLevel
+                        + " does not match configured/default level " + configuredDefaultLevel
                         + " for category " + category.getName(), configuredDefaultLevel, defaultLevel);
                 break;
             default:
-                assertEquals("SLF4J logging level " + Integer.toString(defaultLevel)
-                        + " does not match configured/default level " + Integer.toString(configuredDefaultLevel)
+                assertEquals("SLF4J logging level " + defaultLevel
+                        + " does not match configured/default level " + configuredDefaultLevel
                         + " for category " + category.getName(), configuredDefaultLevel, defaultLevel);
             }
         }
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerTest.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerTest.java
index 743ec09..9aeeb44 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerTest.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.extension/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/logging/slf4j/SLF4JLoggerTest.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2009, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
         final int defaultLevel = logger.getLevel();
         final String defaultLevelString = LogLevelHelper.logIdToName(defaultLevel);
         assertEquals("SLF4J logging level " + defaultLevelString + " did not match configured level "
-        + Integer.toString(configuredDefaultLevel), configuredDefaultLevel, defaultLevel);
+        + configuredDefaultLevel, configuredDefaultLevel, defaultLevel);
         helper.testCategoryDefaultLevels(logger);
     }
 
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.nosql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/eis/cobol/helper/ByteConverter.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.nosql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/eis/cobol/helper/ByteConverter.java
index 7598b1d..b936d42 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.nosql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/eis/cobol/helper/ByteConverter.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.nosql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/eis/cobol/helper/ByteConverter.java
@@ -154,9 +154,7 @@
             stringValue = getStringFromBinaryData(offset, this.getFieldMetaData().getSize());
         } else if (this.getFieldMetaData().getType() == FieldMetaData.PACKED_DECIMAL) {
             stringValue = this.getStringValueFromPackedDecimal();
-        } else {
-            //todo: handle other types of data
-            stringValue = null;
+          //todo: else handle other types of data
         }
         return insertDecimalInString(stringValue);
     }
@@ -189,8 +187,7 @@
             this.setBinaryDataToStringValue(value, this.getFieldMetaData().getOffset(), this.getFieldMetaData().getSize());
         } else if (this.getFieldMetaData().getType() == FieldMetaData.PACKED_DECIMAL) {
             this.setByteArrayToPackedDecimalValue(value);
-        } else {
-            //todo: handle other types of data
+          //todo: else handle other types of data
         }
     }
 
@@ -292,9 +289,11 @@
         }
 
         //add leading zeros
-        while (value.length() < (size * 2)) {
-            value = "0" + value;
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(value);
+        while (sb.length() < (size * 2)) {
+            sb.insert(0, "0");
         }
+        value = sb.toString();
 
         //write one byte at a time to array
         for (int i = offset, j = 0; i < (offset + size); i++, j += 2) {
@@ -346,11 +345,11 @@
         i--;
         //add one to value
         while ((i >= offset) && (Helper.intFromByte(myRecordData[i]) == -1)) {
-            myRecordData[i] += 1;
+            myRecordData[i]++;
             i--;
         }
         if (i >= offset) {
-            myRecordData[i] += 1;
+            myRecordData[i]++;
         }
     }
 
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@
             total += (Helper.intFromByte(myRecordData[i]) * Helper.power(2, j * 8));
         }
         if (signed) {
-            return sign + String.valueOf(total);
+            return sign + total;
         } else {
             return String.valueOf(total);
         }
@@ -403,7 +402,7 @@
         } else if (value.startsWith("+")) {
             value = value.substring(1);
         }
-        int total = Helper.integerFromString(value);
+        int total = Integer.parseInt(value);
 
         //loop through total dividing down
         for (int i = offset, j = size - 1; i < (size + offset); i++, j--) {
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dbchangenotification/DbChangeNotificationTest.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dbchangenotification/DbChangeNotificationTest.java
index be81b0b..c7062e2 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dbchangenotification/DbChangeNotificationTest.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/dbchangenotification/DbChangeNotificationTest.java
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
             ((DatabaseSession)session[i]).addDescriptors(new EmployeeProject());
             session[i].setSessionLog(getSession().getSessionLog());
             session[i].setLogLevel(getSession().getLogLevel());
-            session[i].setName("session[" + Integer.toString(i) + "]");
+            session[i].setName("session[" + i + "]");
             ((DatabaseSession)session[i]).login();
             employees[i] = session[i].readAllObjects(Employee.class);
             smallProjects[i] = session[i].readAllObjects(SmallProject.class);
diff --git a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/customfeatures/CustomFeaturesJUnitTestSuite.java b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/customfeatures/CustomFeaturesJUnitTestSuite.java
index 5d554de..52273ba 100644
--- a/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/customfeatures/CustomFeaturesJUnitTestSuite.java
+++ b/foundation/org.eclipse.persistence.oracle.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/customfeatures/CustomFeaturesJUnitTestSuite.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
         try {
             accessor.incrementCallCount(session);
             DatabaseMetaData metaData = accessor.getConnection().getMetaData();
-            String dbMajorMinorVersion = Integer.toString(metaData.getDatabaseMajorVersion()) + '.' + Integer.toString(metaData.getDatabaseMinorVersion());
+            String dbMajorMinorVersion = Integer.toString(metaData.getDatabaseMajorVersion()) + '.' + metaData.getDatabaseMinorVersion();
             String dbProductionVersion =  metaData.getDatabaseProductVersion();
             // For Helper.compareVersions to work the first digit in the passed version String should be part of the version,
             // i.e. "10.2.0.2 ..." is ok, but "Oracle 10g ... 10.2.0.2..." is not.
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test.jse/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/test/lob/TestLobMerge.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test.jse/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/test/lob/TestLobMerge.java
index 4cbe712..cdcbd65 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test.jse/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/test/lob/TestLobMerge.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test.jse/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/test/lob/TestLobMerge.java
@@ -58,10 +58,9 @@
         EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
         try {
             final Set<CollectedEntity> col1 = new HashSet<CollectedEntity>(
-                    Arrays.asList(new CollectedEntity[] { 
-                            new CollectedEntity("label1", "content1"),
+                    Arrays.asList(new CollectedEntity("label1", "content1"),
                             new CollectedEntity("label2", "content2"),
-                            new CollectedEntity("label3", "content3") }));
+                            new CollectedEntity("label3", "content3")));
 
             final ParentEntity pdo = new ParentEntity(9, Collections.unmodifiableSet(col1));
             em.getTransaction().begin();
@@ -69,9 +68,8 @@
             em.getTransaction().commit();
 
             final Set<CollectedEntity> col2 = new HashSet<CollectedEntity>(
-                    Arrays.asList(new CollectedEntity[] { 
-                            new CollectedEntity("label1", "content1"),
-                            new CollectedEntity("label2", "content2") }));
+                    Arrays.asList(new CollectedEntity("label1", "content1"),
+                            new CollectedEntity("label2", "content2")));
             final ParentEntity newEntity = new ParentEntity(pdo.getId(), col2);
 
             em.getTransaction().begin();
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/Customizer.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/Customizer.java
index 6c3f2e6..28a6265 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/Customizer.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/Customizer.java
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
             Class<?> sopClass = Class.forName("oracle.toplink.exalogic.sop.SerializedObjectPolicy");
             Method setIsRecoverableMethod = null;
             if (isRecoverable) {
-                setIsRecoverableMethod = sopClass.getDeclaredMethod("setIsRecoverable", new Class[] {boolean.class});
+                setIsRecoverableMethod = sopClass.getDeclaredMethod("setIsRecoverable", boolean.class);
             }
 
             Class[] sopEntities = {Employee.class, Address.class, Project.class};
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
                 ClassDescriptor descriptor = session.getDescriptor(sopEntity);
                 Object sop = sopClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
                 if (isRecoverable) {
-                    setIsRecoverableMethod.invoke(sop, new Object[] {true});
+                    setIsRecoverableMethod.invoke(sop, true);
                 }
                 ((SerializedObjectPolicy)sop).setField(new DatabaseField("SOP"));
                 descriptor.setSerializedObjectPolicy((SerializedObjectPolicy)sop);
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/compositepk/NumberId.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/compositepk/NumberId.java
index 65454c6..98092aa 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/compositepk/NumberId.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa/advanced/compositepk/NumberId.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     }
 
     public final int hashCode() {
-        return Objects.hash(new Object[] { this.value });
+        return Objects.hash(this.value);
     }
 
     public final String toString() {
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa22/jta/Animal.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa22/jta/Animal.java
index e7a8981..33ca1ee 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa22/jta/Animal.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/models/jpa22/jta/Animal.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2017, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        sb.append("id: ").append(Integer.toString(id));
+        sb.append("id: ").append(id);
         sb.append(" name: \"").append(name).append('\"');
         return sb.toString();
     }
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/AdvancedJPAJunitTest.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/AdvancedJPAJunitTest.java
index 37354d2..26a24c2 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/AdvancedJPAJunitTest.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/AdvancedJPAJunitTest.java
@@ -3874,12 +3874,12 @@
             employees.add(emp);
             for(int j=0; j<n; j++) {
                 Dealer dealer = new Dealer();
-                dealer.setFirstName(emp.getFirstName() + "_" + Integer.toString(j+1));
+                dealer.setFirstName(emp.getFirstName() + "_" + (j + 1));
                 dealer.setLastName(lastName);
                 emp.addDealer(dealer);
                 for(int k=0; k<n; k++) {
                     Customer customer = new Customer();
-                    customer.setFirstName(dealer.getFirstName() + "_" + Integer.toString(k+1));
+                    customer.setFirstName(dealer.getFirstName() + "_" + (k + 1));
                     customer.setLastName(lastName);
                     dealer.addCustomer(customer);
                 }
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
index 7a3334d..010a0bc 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
@@ -2730,7 +2730,7 @@
             }
 
             if(!msg.equals(localErrorMsg)) {
-                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+Integer.toString(i)+": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
+                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+ i +": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
             }
         }
         if(errorMsg.length() > 0) {
@@ -9075,7 +9075,7 @@
 
         // report result
         if(assignedSequenceNumber + 1 != nextSequenceNumber) {
-            fail("Transaction that assigned sequence number committed, assignedSequenceNumber = " + assignedSequenceNumber +", but nextSequenceNumber = "+ nextSequenceNumber +"("+Integer.toString(assignedSequenceNumber+1)+" was expected)");
+            fail("Transaction that assigned sequence number committed, assignedSequenceNumber = " + assignedSequenceNumber +", but nextSequenceNumber = "+ nextSequenceNumber +"("+ (assignedSequenceNumber + 1) +" was expected)");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/composite/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/composite/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
index 2830c0f..94c4080 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/composite/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/composite/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
@@ -2761,7 +2761,7 @@
             }
 
             if(!msg.equals(localErrorMsg)) {
-                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+Integer.toString(i)+": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
+                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+ i +": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
             }
         }
         if(errorMsg.length() > 0) {
@@ -7909,7 +7909,7 @@
                     + ", but nextSequenceNumber = "
                     + nextSequenceNumber_Customer
                     + "("
-                    + Integer.toString(assignedSequenceNumber_Customer + 1)
+                    + (assignedSequenceNumber_Customer + 1)
                     + " was expected)\n";
         }
         if (assignedSequenceNumber_Employee + 1 != nextSequenceNumber_Employee) {
@@ -7918,7 +7918,7 @@
                     + ", but nextSequenceNumber = "
                     + nextSequenceNumber_Employee
                     + "("
-                    + Integer.toString(assignedSequenceNumber_Employee + 1)
+                    + (assignedSequenceNumber_Employee + 1)
                     + " was expected)\n";
         }
         if (assignedSequenceNumber_Dealer + 1 != nextSequenceNumber_Dealer) {
@@ -7927,7 +7927,7 @@
                     + ", but nextSequenceNumber = "
                     + nextSequenceNumber_Dealer
                     + "("
-                    + Integer.toString(assignedSequenceNumber_Dealer + 1)
+                    + (assignedSequenceNumber_Dealer + 1)
                     + " was expected)\n";
         }
         if (errorMsg.length() > 0) {
@@ -10734,7 +10734,7 @@
     public void testMustBeCompositeMember() {
         String errorMsg = "";
         for(int i=1; i<=3; i++) {
-            String puName = "composite-advanced-member_" + Integer.toString(i);
+            String puName = "composite-advanced-member_" + i;
             try {
                 EntityManager em = createEntityManager(puName);
                 errorMsg += "createEntityManager(" + puName +") succeeded - should have failed\n";
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/ddlgeneration/DDLGenerationJUnitTestSuite.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/ddlgeneration/DDLGenerationJUnitTestSuite.java
index 9befc67..8feac46 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/ddlgeneration/DDLGenerationJUnitTestSuite.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/ddlgeneration/DDLGenerationJUnitTestSuite.java
@@ -2115,10 +2115,10 @@
             if (mapHolders.size() == 2) {
                 for (MapHolder mh : mapHolders) {
                     if (mh.getMapHolderEmbedded().getStringMap().size() != mh.getId() + 1) {
-                        errorMsg += "Wrong getMapHolderEmbedded().getStringMap().size() " + mh.getMapHolderEmbedded().getStringMap().size() + "; expected " + Integer.toString(mh.getId() + 1) + "\n";
+                        errorMsg += "Wrong getMapHolderEmbedded().getStringMap().size() " + mh.getMapHolderEmbedded().getStringMap().size() + "; expected " + (mh.getId() + 1) + "\n";
                     }
                     if (mh.getStringMap().size() != mh.getId() + 1) {
-                        errorMsg += "Wrong getStringMap().size() " + mh.getStringMap().size() + "; expected " + Integer.toString(mh.getId() + 1) + "\n";
+                        errorMsg += "Wrong getStringMap().size() " + mh.getStringMap().size() + "; expected " + (mh.getId() + 1) + "\n";
                     }
                 }
             } else {
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
index c644250..7d74157 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerJUnitTestSuite.java
@@ -1149,7 +1149,7 @@
             }
 
             if(!msg.equals(localErrorMsg)) {
-                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+Integer.toString(i)+": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
+                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+ i +": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
             }
         }
         if(errorMsg.length() > 0) {
@@ -4886,7 +4886,7 @@
 
         // report result
         if(assignedSequenceNumber + 1 != nextSequenceNumber) {
-            fail("Transaction that assigned sequence number committed, assignedSequenceNumber = " + assignedSequenceNumber +", but nextSequenceNumber = "+ nextSequenceNumber +"("+Integer.toString(assignedSequenceNumber+1)+" was expected)");
+            fail("Transaction that assigned sequence number committed, assignedSequenceNumber = " + assignedSequenceNumber +", but nextSequenceNumber = "+ nextSequenceNumber +"("+ (assignedSequenceNumber + 1) +" was expected)");
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerTLRJUnitTestSuite.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerTLRJUnitTestSuite.java
index ffc2a65..5a52167 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerTLRJUnitTestSuite.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/fieldaccess/advanced/EntityManagerTLRJUnitTestSuite.java
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@
             }
 
             if(!msg.equals(localErrorMsg)) {
-                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+Integer.toString(i)+": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
+                errorMsg = errorMsg + "i="+ i +": "+ localErrorMsg + " ";
             }
         }
         if(errorMsg.length() > 0) {
@@ -4681,7 +4681,7 @@
 
         // report result
         if(assignedSequenceNumber + 1 != nextSequenceNumber) {
-            fail("Transaction that assigned sequence number committed, assignedSequenceNumber = " + assignedSequenceNumber +", but nextSequenceNumber = "+ nextSequenceNumber +"("+Integer.toString(assignedSequenceNumber+1)+" was expected)");
+            fail("Transaction that assigned sequence number committed, assignedSequenceNumber = " + assignedSequenceNumber +", but nextSequenceNumber = "+ nextSequenceNumber +"("+ (assignedSequenceNumber + 1) +" was expected)");
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexAggregateTestSuite.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexAggregateTestSuite.java
index c4c5f2d..016a028 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexAggregateTestSuite.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexAggregateTestSuite.java
@@ -550,8 +550,8 @@
 
         // Need to create the expected result manually, because using the
         // TopLink query API would run into the same issue 2497.
-        List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Long[] {1L, 0L,
-                0L, 1L});
+        List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(1L, 0L,
+                0L, 1L);
         Collections.sort(expectedResult);
 
         String jpql = "SELECT COUNT(o) FROM Customer c LEFT JOIN c.orders o GROUP BY c.name";
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
 
         // Need to create the expected result manually, because using the
         // TopLink query API would run into the same issue 2497.
-        List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Long[] {2L, 5L, 3L});
+        List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(2L, 5L, 3L);
         Collections.sort(expectedResult);
 
         String jpql = "SELECT COUNT(p) FROM Employee e LEFT JOIN e.phoneNumbers p WHERE e.lastName LIKE 'S%' GROUP BY e.lastName";
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
 
             // Need to create the expected result manually, because using the
             // TopLink query API would run into the same issue 6155093.
-            List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Long[] {1L});
+            List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(1L);
             Collections.sort(expectedResult);
 
             // COUNT DISTINCT with inner join
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@
 
         EntityManager em = createEntityManager();
 
-        List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Long[] { 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L });
+        List<Long> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(0L, 1L, 0L, 0L);
 
         String jpql = "SELECT COUNT(cc) FROM Customer c LEFT JOIN c.CCustomers cc GROUP BY c.name order by c.name";
         Query q = em.createQuery(jpql);
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexTestSuite.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexTestSuite.java
index 8244e9a..8281804 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexTestSuite.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/jpql/JUnitJPQLComplexTestSuite.java
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@
         query.setParameter("id1", empWithOutManager.getId());
         query.setParameter("id2", empWithManager.getId());
         List result = query.getResultList();
-        List<Employee> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Employee[] {empWithManager.getManager()});
+        List<Employee> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(empWithManager.getManager());
         Assert.assertTrue("Complex Join test failed", comparer.compareObjects(result, expectedResult));
 
         // Select the related manager of empWithOutManager and empWithManager
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@
         query.setParameter("id1", empWithOutManager.getId());
         query.setParameter("id2", empWithManager.getId());
         result = query.getResultList();
-        expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Employee[] {empWithManager.getManager(), null});
+        expectedResult = Arrays.asList(empWithManager.getManager(), null);
         Assert.assertTrue("Complex Join test failed", comparer.compareObjects(result, expectedResult));
     }
 
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@
         query.setParameter("id1", empWithOutManager.getId());
         query.setParameter("id2", empWithManager.getId());
         List result = query.getResultList();
-        List<Employee> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Employee[] {empWithManager.getManager()});
+        List<Employee> expectedResult = Arrays.asList(empWithManager.getManager());
         Assert.assertTrue("Complex Join test failed", comparer.compareObjects(result, expectedResult));
 
         // Select the related manager of empWithOutManager and empWithManager
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@
         query.setParameter("id1", empWithOutManager.getId());
         query.setParameter("id2", empWithManager.getId());
         result = query.getResultList();
-        expectedResult = Arrays.asList(new Employee[] {empWithManager.getManager(), null});
+        expectedResult = Arrays.asList(empWithManager.getManager(), null);
         Assert.assertTrue("Complex Join test failed", comparer.compareObjects(result, expectedResult));
     }
 
@@ -4557,8 +4557,8 @@
         EntityManager em = createEntityManager();
         Query query = em.createQuery("Select e from Employee e where (e.firstName, e.lastName) IN :names");
         List names = new ArrayList();
-        names.add(new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"Bob", "Smith"})));
-        names.add(new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"John", "Doe"})));
+        names.add(new ArrayList(Arrays.asList("Bob", "Smith")));
+        names.add(new ArrayList(Arrays.asList("John", "Doe")));
         query.setParameter("names", names);
         query.getResultList();
         query = em.createQuery("Select e from Employee e where (e.firstName, e.lastName) IN (Select e2.lastName, e2.firstName from Employee e2)");
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/performance/JPAPerformanceComparisonModel.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/performance/JPAPerformanceComparisonModel.java
index d7df46a..2d17028 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/performance/JPAPerformanceComparisonModel.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/performance/JPAPerformanceComparisonModel.java
@@ -990,21 +990,21 @@
             }
             System.out.println(getName());
             System.out.println("No optimization time:");
-            System.out.println(Long.toString(time0 / 1000000));
+            System.out.println(time0 / 1000000);
             System.out.println("Mean per test:");
-            System.out.println(Double.toString((double)time0 / (n*1000000)));
+            System.out.println((double) time0 / (n * 1000000));
             System.out.println("std dev:");
-            System.out.println(Double.toString(Math.sqrt((double)time0square/n - (double)(time0/n)*(time0/n))/1000000));
+            System.out.println(Math.sqrt((double) time0square / n - (double) (time0 / n) * (time0 / n)) / 1000000);
             System.out.println("zero time tests:");
             System.out.println("ResultSet optimization time:");
-            System.out.println(Long.toString(time1 / 1000000));
+            System.out.println(time1 / 1000000);
             System.out.println("Mean per test:");
-            System.out.println(Double.toString((double)time1 / (n*1000000)));
+            System.out.println((double) time1 / (n * 1000000));
             System.out.println("std dev:");
-            System.out.println(Double.toString(Math.sqrt((double)time1square/n - (double)(time1/n)*(time1/n))/1000000));
+            System.out.println(Math.sqrt((double) time1square / n - (double) (time1 / n) * (time1 / n)) / 1000000);
             System.out.println("zero time tests:");
             System.out.println("No Optimization - Optimization:");
-            System.out.println(Long.toString((time0 - time1)/1000000));
+            System.out.println((time0 - time1) / 1000000);
         }
 
         long test0() {
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
index 3006c78..235e6d6 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
@@ -1733,12 +1733,12 @@
             employees.add(emp);
             for(int j=0; j<n; j++) {
                 Dealer dealer = new Dealer();
-                dealer.setFirstName(emp.getFirstName() + "_" + Integer.toString(j+1));
+                dealer.setFirstName(emp.getFirstName() + "_" + (j + 1));
                 dealer.setLastName(lastName);
                 emp.addDealer(dealer);
                 for(int k=0; k<n; k++) {
                     Customer customer = new Customer();
-                    customer.setFirstName(dealer.getFirstName() + "_" + Integer.toString(k+1));
+                    customer.setFirstName(dealer.getFirstName() + "_" + (k + 1));
                     customer.setLastName(lastName);
                     dealer.addCustomer(customer);
                 }
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsDynamicAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsDynamicAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
index c75a82e..951dece 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsDynamicAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/advanced/EntityMappingsDynamicAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@
             String propertyName = propertyName(mapping.getAttributeName());
 
             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-            Method method = mapping.getDescriptor().getJavaClass().getDeclaredMethod("get" + propertyName, new Class[0]);
+            Method method = mapping.getDescriptor().getJavaClass().getDeclaredMethod("get" + propertyName);
 
             Class<?> expectedReturnType = mapping.getAttributeClassification();
             if (mapping.isCollectionMapping()) {
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/composite/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/composite/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
index 288d4ea..805199c 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/composite/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/jpa/xml/composite/advanced/EntityMappingsAdvancedJUnitTestCase.java
@@ -1745,12 +1745,12 @@
             employees.add(emp);
             for(int j=0; j<n; j++) {
                 Dealer dealer = new Dealer();
-                dealer.setFirstName(emp.getFirstName() + "_" + Integer.toString(j+1));
+                dealer.setFirstName(emp.getFirstName() + "_" + (j + 1));
                 dealer.setLastName(lastName);
                 emp.addDealer(dealer);
                 for(int k=0; k<n; k++) {
                     Customer customer = new Customer();
-                    customer.setFirstName(dealer.getFirstName() + "_" + Integer.toString(k+1));
+                    customer.setFirstName(dealer.getFirstName() + "_" + (k + 1));
                     customer.setLastName(lastName);
                     dealer.addCustomer(customer);
                 }
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/wdf/AbstractBaseTest.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/wdf/AbstractBaseTest.java
index 558251d..edc803a 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/wdf/AbstractBaseTest.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/wdf/AbstractBaseTest.java
@@ -271,9 +271,9 @@
                 Method getCacheMethod = emf.getClass().getMethod("getCache");
                 Object cache =  getCacheMethod.invoke(emf);
 
-                Method evictClassMethod = cache.getClass().getMethod("evictAll", new Class[]{});
+                Method evictClassMethod = cache.getClass().getMethod("evictAll");
 
-                evictClassMethod.invoke(cache, new Object[]{});
+                evictClassMethod.invoke(cache);
             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                 throw new RuntimeException(e);
             } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/QueryTest.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/QueryTest.java
index 11a66c6..12aaad5 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/QueryTest.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/QueryTest.java
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
     }
 
     protected void assertValidQueryExecution(String queryString) {
-        assertValidQueryExecutionWithArgs(queryString, new Object[0]);
+        assertValidQueryExecutionWithArgs(queryString);
     }
 
     private boolean isUtilDateLike(Object arg) {
diff --git a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/TestConditionalExpressions.java b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/TestConditionalExpressions.java
index 48996d8..e6c6f2c 100644
--- a/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/TestConditionalExpressions.java
+++ b/jpa/eclipselink.jpa.wdf.test/src/it/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/tests/wdf/jpa1/query/TestConditionalExpressions.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2005, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2005, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2015 SAP. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
         byte[] byteArr1 = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
         byte[] byteArr2 = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
         assertValidQueryExecutionWithArgs("SELECT b FROM BasicTypesFieldAccess b WHERE b.primitiveByteArray2Binary IN(?1,?2)",
-                new Object[] { byteArr1, byteArr2 });
+                byteArr1, byteArr2);
 
     }
 
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@
         byte[] byteArr1 = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
         byte[] byteArr2 = new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
         String queryString = "SELECT p FROM PrincipalEntity p WHERE p.taskInstance.taskInstanceId IN (?1,?2)";
-        assertValidQueryExecutionWithArgs(queryString, new Object[] { byteArr1, byteArr2 });
+        assertValidQueryExecutionWithArgs(queryString, byteArr1, byteArr2);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/ExpressionTools.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/ExpressionTools.java
index 49fb04c..e54f933 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/ExpressionTools.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/ExpressionTools.java
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
     public static boolean stringsAreEqualIgnoreCase(CharSequence value1, CharSequence value2) {
 
         // Both are equal or both are null
-        if ((value1 == value2) || (value1 == null) && (value2 == null)) {
+        if (value1 == value2) {
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -541,21 +541,66 @@
 
                 switch (character) {
                     // Standard escape character
-                    case 'b':  sb.append("\b"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case 't':  sb.append("\t"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case 'n':  sb.append("\n"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case 'f':  sb.append("\f"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case 'r':  sb.append("\r"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '"':  sb.append("\""); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '\\': sb.append("\\"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '0':  sb.append("\0"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '1':  sb.append("\1"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '2':  sb.append("\2"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '3':  sb.append("\3"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '4':  sb.append("\4"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '5':  sb.append("\5"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '6':  sb.append("\6"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
-                    case '7':  sb.append("\7"); if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--; break;
+                    case 'b':
+                        sb.append("\b");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case 't':
+                        sb.append("\t");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case 'n':
+                        sb.append("\n");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case 'f':
+                        sb.append("\f");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case 'r':
+                        sb.append("\r");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '"':
+                        sb.append("\"");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '\\':
+                        sb.append("\\");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '0':
+                        sb.append("\0");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '1':
+                        sb.append("\1");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '2':
+                        sb.append("\2");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '3':
+                        sb.append("\3");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '4':
+                        sb.append("\4");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '5':
+                        sb.append("\5");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '6':
+                        sb.append("\6");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
+                    case '7':
+                        sb.append("\7");
+                        if (index <= originalPosition) position[0]--;
+                        break;
 
                     // Unicode
                     case 'u': {
@@ -568,8 +613,7 @@
                         // value, then it's only adjusted to be at the beginning of the unicode value
                         if ((originalPosition > index - 1) && (originalPosition <= index + 5)) {
                             position[0] -= (originalPosition - index + 1);
-                        }
-                        else if (index <= originalPosition) {
+                        } else if (index <= originalPosition) {
                             position[0] -= 5;
                         }
 
@@ -646,7 +690,7 @@
     public static boolean valuesAreEqual(Object value1, Object value2) {
 
         // Both are equal or both are null
-        if ((value1 == value2) || (value1 == null) && (value2 == null)) {
+        if (value1 == value2) {
             return true;
         }
 
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/parser/ExpressionFactory.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/parser/ExpressionFactory.java
index 9446a56..7a39968 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/parser/ExpressionFactory.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.jpql/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jpa/jpql/parser/ExpressionFactory.java
@@ -120,13 +120,9 @@
 
     @Override
     public final boolean equals(Object object) {
-                if (object == null) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-        if (this == object) {
-            return true;
+        if (!(object instanceof ExpressionFactory)) {
+            return false;
         }
-
         ExpressionFactory factory = (ExpressionFactory) object;
         return id.equals(factory.id);
     }
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.modelgen/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/modelgen/CanonicalModelProcessor.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.modelgen/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/modelgen/CanonicalModelProcessor.java
index 1f82898..58f1035 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.modelgen/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/modelgen/CanonicalModelProcessor.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.modelgen/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/modelgen/CanonicalModelProcessor.java
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
         // Log processing environment options
         for (Map.Entry<String, String> option : options.entrySet()) {
             log(SessionLog.CONFIG, "Found Option: {0}, with value: {1}",
-                    new Object[]{option.getKey(), option.getValue()});
+                    option.getKey(), option.getValue());
         }
 
         useStaticFactory = Boolean.parseBoolean(CanonicalModelProperties.getOption(
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner1Bean.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner1Bean.java
index 8fc2d5c..1292be6 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner1Bean.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner1Bean.java
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         try {
             @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
             Class<? extends TestCase> testClass = (Class<? extends TestCase>) getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
-            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
-            testInstance = c.newInstance(new Object[] { test });
+            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(String.class);
+            testInstance = c.newInstance(test);
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             throw new EJBException(e);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner2Bean.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner2Bean.java
index 3d1e4a2..de930c0 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner2Bean.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner2Bean.java
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         try {
             @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
             Class<? extends TestCase> testClass = (Class<? extends TestCase>) getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
-            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
-            testInstance = c.newInstance(new Object[] { test });
+            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(String.class);
+            testInstance = c.newInstance(test);
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             throw new EJBException(e);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner3Bean.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner3Bean.java
index 4dd793e..9b7ada0 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner3Bean.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner3Bean.java
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         try {
             @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
             Class<? extends TestCase> testClass = (Class<? extends TestCase>) getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
-            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
-            testInstance = c.newInstance(new Object[] { test });
+            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(String.class);
+            testInstance = c.newInstance(test);
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             throw new EJBException(e);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner4Bean.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner4Bean.java
index 027951b..d3a9c81 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner4Bean.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner4Bean.java
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         try {
             @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
             Class<? extends TestCase> testClass = (Class<? extends TestCase>) getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
-            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
-            testInstance = c.newInstance(new Object[] { test });
+            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(String.class);
+            testInstance = c.newInstance(test);
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             throw new EJBException(e);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner5Bean.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner5Bean.java
index 017deb8..289b7e9 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner5Bean.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner5Bean.java
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         try {
             @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
             Class<? extends TestCase> testClass = (Class<? extends TestCase>) getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
-            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
-            testInstance = c.newInstance(new Object[] { test });
+            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(String.class);
+            testInstance = c.newInstance(test);
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             throw new EJBException(e);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner6Bean.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner6Bean.java
index 86eba32..745f785 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner6Bean.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa.test.framework/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/framework/server/TestRunner6Bean.java
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
         try {
             @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
             Class<? extends TestCase> testClass = (Class<? extends TestCase>) getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
-            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(new Class[] { String.class });
-            testInstance = c.newInstance(new Object[] { test });
+            Constructor<? extends TestCase> c = testClass.getConstructor(String.class);
+            testInstance = c.newInstance(test);
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             throw new EJBException(e);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EJBQueryImpl.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EJBQueryImpl.java
index e4cb5f9..9da5cb9 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EJBQueryImpl.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EJBQueryImpl.java
@@ -616,6 +616,6 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return getClass().getSimpleName() + "(" + String.valueOf(this.databaseQuery) + ")";
+        return getClass().getSimpleName() + "(" + this.databaseQuery + ")";
     }
 }
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EntityManagerSetupImpl.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EntityManagerSetupImpl.java
index c9ab4c3..619fced 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EntityManagerSetupImpl.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/EntityManagerSetupImpl.java
@@ -1051,7 +1051,7 @@
         Class cls = findClassForProperty(serverPlatformClassName, PersistenceUnitProperties.TARGET_SERVER, loader);
         boolean isTargetServerTransCtrl = false;
         try {
-            Constructor constructor = cls.getConstructor(new Class[]{org.eclipse.persistence.sessions.DatabaseSession.class});
+            Constructor constructor = cls.getConstructor(org.eclipse.persistence.sessions.DatabaseSession.class);
             serverPlatform = (ServerPlatform)constructor.newInstance(new Object[]{session});
         } catch (Exception ex) {
             if(ExternalTransactionController.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
@@ -1609,7 +1609,7 @@
                 } else {
                     String key = entry.getKey();
                     poolName = key.substring(0, dotIdx);
-                    attribute = key.substring(dotIdx + 1, key.length());
+                    attribute = key.substring(dotIdx + 1);
                 }
                 ConnectionPool pool = null;
                 if (poolName.equals("write")) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/QueryImpl.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/QueryImpl.java
index 775a6b5..5f98650 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/QueryImpl.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/QueryImpl.java
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return getClass().getSimpleName() + "(" + String.valueOf(this.databaseQuery) + ")";
+        return getClass().getSimpleName() + "(" + this.databaseQuery + ")";
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/config/metadata/ReflectiveDynamicClassLoader.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/config/metadata/ReflectiveDynamicClassLoader.java
index 24115d8..0c26f82 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/config/metadata/ReflectiveDynamicClassLoader.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/config/metadata/ReflectiveDynamicClassLoader.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2013, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
     protected Method getDefineClassMethod() {
         if (this.defineClassMethod == null) {
             try {
-                this.defineClassMethod = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("defineClass", new Class<?>[] { String.class, byte[].class, int.class, int.class });
+                this.defineClassMethod = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("defineClass", String.class, byte[].class, int.class, int.class);
                 this.defineClassMethod.setAccessible(true);
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("ReflectiveDynamicClassLoader could not access defineClass method", e);
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/deployment/JavaSECMPInitializerAgent.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/deployment/JavaSECMPInitializerAgent.java
index 08eb8d9..dbe72ef 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/deployment/JavaSECMPInitializerAgent.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/deployment/JavaSECMPInitializerAgent.java
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@
 
     public static void initializeFromAgent(Instrumentation instr) throws Throwable {
             Class<?> cls = Class.forName("org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.deployment.JavaSECMPInitializer");
-            Method method = cls.getDeclaredMethod("initializeFromAgent", new Class[] { Instrumentation.class });
+            Method method = cls.getDeclaredMethod("initializeFromAgent", Instrumentation.class);
             try {
-                method.invoke(null, new Object[] { instr });
+                method.invoke(null, instr);
             } catch (InvocationTargetException exception) {
                 throw exception.getCause();
             }
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/MetadataHelper.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/MetadataHelper.java
index 97969ad..be40c46 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/MetadataHelper.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/MetadataHelper.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2014, 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2014, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
             final int valueIndex, final String binder, final String separator) {
         int idx = valueIndex;
         for (Iterator<? extends MetadataAccessor> i = mappings.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
-            target.append(i.next().getName().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)).append(binder).append(Integer.toString(++idx));
+            target.append(i.next().getName().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT)).append(binder).append(++idx);
             if (i.hasNext()) {
                 target.append(separator);
             }
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/classes/ClassAccessor.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/classes/ClassAccessor.java
index 8d52c6d..740353d 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/classes/ClassAccessor.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/classes/ClassAccessor.java
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@
     protected MetadataMethod getAccessibleMethod(MappingAccessor accessor) {
         if (accessor.hasAccessMethods()) {
             MetadataMethod getMethod = getJavaClass().getMethod(accessor.getGetMethodName(), new String[]{});
-            MetadataMethod setMethod = getJavaClass().getMethod(accessor.getSetMethodName(), Arrays.asList(new String[]{getMethod.getReturnType()}));
+            MetadataMethod setMethod = getJavaClass().getMethod(accessor.getSetMethodName(), Arrays.asList(getMethod.getReturnType()));
             getMethod.setSetMethod(setMethod);
             return getMethod;
         } else {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotatedElement.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotatedElement.java
index 834bf60..9bac33f 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotatedElement.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotatedElement.java
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.eclipse.persistence.annotations.Array;
@@ -96,7 +97,6 @@
  * @author Guy Pelletier
  * @since EclipseLink 1.0
  */
-@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 public class MetadataAnnotatedElement extends MetadataAccessibleObject {
     public static final String DEFAULT_RAW_CLASS = "java.lang.String";
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
     public MetadataAnnotatedElement(MetadataFactory factory) {
         super(factory);
 
-        m_annotations = new HashMap<String, MetadataAnnotation>();
+        m_annotations = new HashMap<>();
         m_metaAnnotations = new HashMap<>();
     }
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
      */
     public void addGenericType(String genericType) {
         if (m_genericType == null) {
-            m_genericType = new ArrayList<String>();
+            m_genericType = new ArrayList<>();
         }
 
         m_genericType.add(genericType);
@@ -183,15 +183,13 @@
      */
     @Override
     public boolean equals(Object object) {
-        if (object == null) {
+        if (object == null || getClass() != object.getClass()) {
             return false;
         }
-
         if (getName() == null) {
             return ((MetadataAnnotatedElement)object).getName() == null;
         }
-
-        return (object.getClass() == getClass()) && getName().equals(((MetadataAnnotatedElement)object).getName());
+        return getName().equals(((MetadataAnnotatedElement)object).getName());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -199,7 +197,7 @@
      * Return the annotated element for this accessor. Note: This method does
      * not check against a metadata complete.
      */
-    public MetadataAnnotation getAnnotation(Class annotation) {
+    public MetadataAnnotation getAnnotation(Class<?> annotation) {
         return getAnnotation(annotation.getName());
     }
 
@@ -221,7 +219,7 @@
      * @param names meta-annotations names cycle detection set, shall not be {@code null}
      */
     protected final MetadataAnnotation getAnnotation(final String annotation, final Set<String> names) {
-        if (m_annotations == null && m_metaAnnotations == null) {
+        if (m_annotations == null) {
             return null;
         }
         MetadataAnnotation metadataAnnotation = m_annotations.get(annotation);
@@ -509,7 +507,7 @@
      * isAnnotationPresent calls can return a false when true because of the
      * meta-data complete feature.
      */
-    public boolean isAnnotationNotPresent(Class annotation, ClassAccessor accessor) {
+    public boolean isAnnotationNotPresent(Class<?> annotation, ClassAccessor accessor) {
         return isAnnotationNotPresent(annotation.getName(), accessor);
     }
 
@@ -529,7 +527,7 @@
      * Indicates whether the specified annotation is present on java class
      * for the given descriptor metadata.
      */
-    public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class annotationClass, ClassAccessor accessor) {
+    public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<?> annotationClass, ClassAccessor accessor) {
         return isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass.getName(), accessor);
     }
 
@@ -583,6 +581,7 @@
      * INTERNAL:
      * Return true if this accessor represents a basic collection mapping.
      */
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
     public boolean isBasicCollection(ClassAccessor classAccessor) {
         return isAnnotationPresent(BasicCollection.class, classAccessor);
     }
@@ -591,6 +590,7 @@
      * INTERNAL:
      * Return true if this accessor represents a basic collection mapping.
      */
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
     public boolean isBasicMap(ClassAccessor classAccessor) {
         return isAnnotationPresent(BasicMap.class, classAccessor);
     }
@@ -894,6 +894,6 @@
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         String className = getClass().getSimpleName();
-        return className.substring("Metadata".length(), className.length()).toLowerCase() + " " + getName();
+        return className.substring("Metadata".length()).toLowerCase() + " " + getName();
     }
 }
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotation.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotation.java
index d0e5d71..c7601d8 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotation.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAnnotation.java
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@
      * private method and callers should use one of the more specific
      * getAttribute calls. (and build one if necessary)
      *
-     * @see getAttributeAnnotation
-     * @see getAttributeArray
-     * @see getAttributeInteger
-     * @see getAttributeString
-     * @see getAttributeBoolean
-     * @see getAttributeBooleanDefaultFalse
-     * @see getAttributeBooleanDefaultTrue
+     * @see #getAttributeAnnotation(String)
+     * @see #getAttributeArray(String)
+     * @see #getAttributeInteger(String)
+     * @see #getAttributeString(String)
+     * @see #getAttributeBoolean(String, Boolean)
+     * @see #getAttributeBooleanDefaultFalse(String)
+     * @see #getAttributeBooleanDefaultTrue(String)
      */
     private Object getAttribute(String name) {
         return m_attributes.get(name);
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
      * INTERNAL:
      * Return the Class attribute value, or the default provided.
      */
-    public String getAttributeClass(String name, Class defaultClass) {
+    public String getAttributeClass(String name, Class<?> defaultClass) {
         Object value = getAttribute(name);
         return (value == null) ? defaultClass.getName() : (String) value;
     }
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAsmFactory.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAsmFactory.java
index 04988e8..0986203 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAsmFactory.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataAsmFactory.java
@@ -655,11 +655,11 @@
                             index ++;
                         }
                     } else if (myNext == ';' && next == 'T') {
-                        arguments.add(new String(new char[] { next }));
+                        arguments.add(String.valueOf(next));
                         arguments.add(desc.substring(start + 1, end));
                         index = end - 1;
                     } else {
-                        arguments.add(new String(new char[] { next }));
+                        arguments.add(String.valueOf(next));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@
         } else if (primitive == 'S') {
             return "short";
         } else {
-            return new String(new char[] { primitive });
+            return String.valueOf(primitive);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataClass.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataClass.java
index 6b222d1..d188389 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataClass.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataClass.java
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
      * Create the metadata class based on the class.
      * Mainly used for primitive defaults.
      */
-    public MetadataClass(MetadataFactory factory, Class cls) {
+    public MetadataClass(MetadataFactory factory, Class<?> cls) {
         this(factory, cls.getName(), false);
         m_isPrimitive = cls.isPrimitive();
     }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
      * INTERNAL:
      * Return if this class is or extends, or super class extends the class.
      */
-    public boolean extendsClass(Class javaClass) {
+    public boolean extendsClass(Class<?> javaClass) {
         return extendsClass(javaClass.getName());
     }
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
      * INTERNAL:
      * Return if this class is or extends, or super class extends the interface.
      */
-    public boolean extendsInterface(Class javaClass) {
+    public boolean extendsInterface(Class<?> javaClass) {
         return extendsInterface(javaClass.getName());
     }
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
      * INTERNAL:
      * Return the method with the name and argument types.
      */
-    public MetadataMethod getMethod(String name, Class[] arguments) {
+    public MetadataMethod getMethod(String name, Class<?>[] arguments) {
         List<String> argumentNames = new ArrayList<>(arguments.length);
 
         for (int index = 0; index < arguments.length; index++) {
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataFactory.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataFactory.java
index c780761..47a32db 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataFactory.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataFactory.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
         m_logger = logger;
         m_loader = loader;
 
-        m_metadataClasses = new HashMap<String, MetadataClass>();
+        m_metadataClasses = new HashMap<>();
         m_metadataClasses.put("void", new MetadataClass(this, void.class));
         m_metadataClasses.put("", new MetadataClass(this, void.class));
         m_metadataClasses.put(null, new MetadataClass(this, void.class));
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataField.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataField.java
index 34fed27..d76c86c 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataField.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataField.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@
     /**
      * INTERNAL:
      * Used to determine if this is a field EclipseLink weaved into the class.
-     * @return
      */
     public boolean isEclipseLinkWeavedField(){
         return getName().startsWith(ClassWeaver.PERSISTENCE_FIELDNAME_PREFIX);
@@ -106,7 +105,6 @@
     /**
      * INTERNAL
      * Some fields should automatically be ignored, return true if this field should be ignored
-     * @return
      */
     public boolean shouldBeIgnored(){
         return (getName() != null) && (getName().startsWith(ClassWeaver.PERSISTENCE_FIELDNAME_PREFIX));
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataMethod.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataMethod.java
index 15a5067..f27acfd 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataMethod.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/metadata/accessors/objects/MetadataMethod.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 1998, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 1998, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@
      */
     public MetadataMethod getSetMethod(MetadataClass cls) {
         String getMethodName = getName();
-        List<String> params = Arrays.asList(new String[] {getReturnType()});
-        MetadataMethod setMethod = null;
+        List<String> params = Arrays.asList(getReturnType());
+        MetadataMethod setMethod;
 
         if (getMethodName.startsWith(Helper.GET_PROPERTY_METHOD_PREFIX)) {
             // Replace 'get' with 'set'.
diff --git a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/transaction/TransactionImpl.java b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/transaction/TransactionImpl.java
index 47699a5..8dc21b3 100644
--- a/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/transaction/TransactionImpl.java
+++ b/jpa/org.eclipse.persistence.jpa/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/internal/jpa/transaction/TransactionImpl.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 
     // The transactional connection we use
     Connection connection;
-    static Class<?> proxyClass = Proxy.getProxyClass(Connection.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { Connection.class });
+    static Class<?> proxyClass = Proxy.getProxyClass(Connection.class.getClassLoader(), Connection.class);
 
     // The enlisted data source
     DataSourceImpl dataSource;
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jaxb/compiler/AnnotationsProcessor.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jaxb/compiler/AnnotationsProcessor.java
index 5c627f9..51c60f4 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jaxb/compiler/AnnotationsProcessor.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/jaxb/compiler/AnnotationsProcessor.java
@@ -4231,7 +4231,7 @@
                         AnnotationVisitor av = fv.visitAnnotation(L + annotationClassName.replace(DOT_CHR, SLASH_CHR) + SEMI_COLON, true);
                         for (Method next : nextAnnotation.annotationType().getDeclaredMethods()) {
                             try {
-                                Object nextValue = next.invoke(nextAnnotation, new Object[] { });
+                                Object nextValue = next.invoke(nextAnnotation);
                                 if (nextValue instanceof Class) {
                                     Type nextType = Type.getType(L + ((Class) nextValue).getName().replace(DOT_CHR, SLASH_CHR) + SEMI_COLON);
                                     nextValue = nextType;
@@ -4640,7 +4640,7 @@
                     av = mv.visitAnnotation(L + annotationType.getName().replace(DOT_CHR, SLASH_CHR) + SEMI_COLON, true);
                     for (Method next : annotation.annotationType().getDeclaredMethods()) {
                         try {
-                            Object nextValue = next.invoke(annotation, new Object[] {});
+                            Object nextValue = next.invoke(annotation);
                             if (nextValue instanceof Class) {
                                 nextValue = Type.getType(L + ((Class) nextValue).getName().replace(DOT_CHR, SLASH_CHR) + SEMI_COLON);
                             }
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/annotations/xmlelementdecl/xsitype2/FooBarXsiTypeTestCases.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/annotations/xmlelementdecl/xsitype2/FooBarXsiTypeTestCases.java
index 7816463..4bfd093 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/annotations/xmlelementdecl/xsitype2/FooBarXsiTypeTestCases.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/annotations/xmlelementdecl/xsitype2/FooBarXsiTypeTestCases.java
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     }
 
     public void testRi() throws Exception{
-        JAXBContext riContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(new Class[]{Foo.class, Bar.class, ObjectFactory.class});
+        JAXBContext riContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(Foo.class, Bar.class, ObjectFactory.class);
         InputStream is = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(XML_RESOURCE);
         Object unmarshalled = riContext.createUnmarshaller().unmarshal(is);
         System.out.println(unmarshalled.getClass());
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithTransientTestCases.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithTransientTestCases.java
index 63d7bee..ff31076 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithTransientTestCases.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithTransientTestCases.java
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
     }
 
     public void testSchemaGen() throws Exception {
-        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(new Class[]{Z.class, X.class, Y.class, X2.class});
+        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(Z.class, X.class, Y.class, X2.class);
         StringOutputResolver sor = new StringOutputResolver();
         jaxbContext.generateSchema(sor);
 
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithXMLValueTestCases.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithXMLValueTestCases.java
index 9f96f82..d233eaa 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithXMLValueTestCases.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/schemagen/inheritance/InheritanceWithXMLValueTestCases.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     }
 
     public void testSchemaGen() throws Exception {
-        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(new Class[]{ParentEntity.class, ChildEntity.class});
+        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(ParentEntity.class, ChildEntity.class);
         StringOutputResolver sor = new StringOutputResolver();
         jaxbContext.generateSchema(sor);
 
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/typevariable/ExtendedList8ChildTestCases.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/typevariable/ExtendedList8ChildTestCases.java
index a2e7636..28ff879 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/typevariable/ExtendedList8ChildTestCases.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/typevariable/ExtendedList8ChildTestCases.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2013, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2021 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     }
 
     public void testRI() throws Exception{
-        JAXBContext ctx = JAXBContext.newInstance(new Class[]{ExtendedList8ChildRoot.class});
+        JAXBContext ctx = JAXBContext.newInstance(ExtendedList8ChildRoot.class);
         System.out.println(ctx.getClass());
         Marshaller m = ctx.createMarshaller();
         m.marshal(getControlObject(), System.out);
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/xmlmarshaller/UnmarshallerTestCases.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/xmlmarshaller/UnmarshallerTestCases.java
index 9526012..96f590c 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/xmlmarshaller/UnmarshallerTestCases.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/jaxb/xmlmarshaller/UnmarshallerTestCases.java
@@ -245,8 +245,8 @@
 
         // Set up a control object using this ClassLoader
         Object controlObject = Class.forName("org.eclipse.persistence.testing.jaxb.xmlmarshaller.Employee", true, classLoader).getConstructor().newInstance();
-        Method setMethod = controlObject.getClass().getMethod("setName", new Class[] { String.class });
-        setMethod.invoke(controlObject, new Object[] { CONTROL_EMPLOYEE_NAME });
+        Method setMethod = controlObject.getClass().getMethod("setName", String.class);
+        setMethod.invoke(controlObject, CONTROL_EMPLOYEE_NAME);
 
         // Unmarshall the control file, passing JAXB this classLoader
         JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(contextPath, classLoader);
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/classloader/MappingTestProject.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/classloader/MappingTestProject.java
index 263fcc9..bfe8746 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/classloader/MappingTestProject.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/classloader/MappingTestProject.java
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@
         ContainerPolicy listPolicy;
         try {
             listPolicy = (ContainerPolicy) listContainerPolicyClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
-            Method meth = listContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", new Class[] { String.class });
-            meth.invoke(listPolicy, new Object[] { "java.util.ArrayList" });
+            Method meth = listContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", String.class);
+            meth.invoke(listPolicy, "java.util.ArrayList");
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@
         ContainerPolicy mapPolicy;
         try {
             mapPolicy = (ContainerPolicy) mapContainerPolicyClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
-            Method meth = mapContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", new Class[] { String.class });
-            meth.invoke(mapPolicy, new Object[] { "java.util.HashMap" });
+            Method meth = mapContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", String.class);
+            meth.invoke(mapPolicy, "java.util.HashMap");
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@
         ContainerPolicy listPolicy;
         try {
             listPolicy = (ContainerPolicy) listContainerPolicyClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
-            Method meth = listContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", new Class[] { String.class });
-            meth.invoke(listPolicy, new Object[] { "java.util.ArrayList" });
+            Method meth = listContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", String.class);
+            meth.invoke(listPolicy, "java.util.ArrayList");
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
@@ -216,8 +216,8 @@
         ContainerPolicy listPolicy1;
         try {
             listPolicy1 = (ContainerPolicy) listContainerPolicyClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
-            Method meth = listContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", new Class[] { String.class });
-            meth.invoke(listPolicy1, new Object[] { "java.util.ArrayList" });
+            Method meth = listContainerPolicyClass.getDeclaredMethod("setContainerClassName", String.class);
+            meth.invoke(listPolicy1, "java.util.ArrayList");
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }
diff --git a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/dynamic/DynamicTestCases.java b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/dynamic/DynamicTestCases.java
index 2335b38..ab70655 100644
--- a/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/dynamic/DynamicTestCases.java
+++ b/moxy/org.eclipse.persistence.moxy/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/oxm/dynamic/DynamicTestCases.java
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@
     }
 
     private void setValue(Object owner, String attributeName, Object value) throws Exception {
-        Method setMethod = owner.getClass().getMethod("set", new Class[] { String.class, Object.class });
-        setMethod.invoke(owner, new Object[] { attributeName, value });
+        Method setMethod = owner.getClass().getMethod("set", String.class, Object.class);
+        setMethod.invoke(owner, attributeName, value);
     }
 
     private Object getValue(Object owner, String attributeName) throws Exception {
-        Method getMethod = owner.getClass().getMethod("get", new Class[] { String.class });
-        Object value = getMethod.invoke(owner, new Object[] { attributeName });
+        Method getMethod = owner.getClass().getMethod("get", String.class);
+        Object value = getMethod.invoke(owner, attributeName);
         return value;
     }
 
diff --git a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/DynamicClassWriter.java b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/DynamicClassWriter.java
index 7ccd85c..c6fd54d 100644
--- a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/DynamicClassWriter.java
+++ b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/DynamicClassWriter.java
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@
     }
 
     private void addConstructors(ClassWriter cw) {
-        MethodVisitor mv = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, "<init>", Type.getMethodDescriptor(Type.VOID_TYPE, new Type[0]), null, new String[] { Type.getInternalName(Serializable.class) });
+        MethodVisitor mv = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, "<init>", Type.getMethodDescriptor(Type.VOID_TYPE), null, new String[] { Type.getInternalName(Serializable.class) });
         mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
-        mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL, Type.getType(parentClass).getInternalName(), "<init>", Type.getMethodDescriptor(Type.VOID_TYPE, new Type[0]), false);
+        mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL, Type.getType(parentClass).getInternalName(), "<init>", Type.getMethodDescriptor(Type.VOID_TYPE), false);
         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
         mv.visitMaxs(1, 1);
         mv.visitEnd();
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
     private void addWriteReplace(ClassWriter cw) {
         Method method;
         try {
-            method = parentClass.getDeclaredMethod(WRITE_REPLACE, new Class[0]);
+            method = parentClass.getDeclaredMethod(WRITE_REPLACE);
         } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
             return;
         }
diff --git a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/extension/OPStack.java b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/extension/OPStack.java
index 4798649..1570d68 100644
--- a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/extension/OPStack.java
+++ b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/sdo/helper/extension/OPStack.java
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
                 tok = new Token(sbuf.toString(), Token.ARG);
                 tokens.add(tok);
                 sbuf = new StringBuffer();
-                sbuf.append(Character.toString(ch));
+                sbuf.append(ch);
                 sbuf.append(exp.charAt(++i));
                 tok = new Token(sbuf.toString().trim(), Token.DI, Token.NEQ_PR);
                 tokens.add(tok);
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
                 tok = new Token(sbuf.toString(), Token.ARG);
                 tokens.add(tok);
                 sbuf = new StringBuffer();
-                sbuf.append(Character.toString(ch));
+                sbuf.append(ch);
                 if (((i + 1) < exp.length()) && (exp.charAt(i + 1) == '=')) {
                     sbuf.append(exp.charAt(++i));
                     tok = new Token(sbuf.toString().trim(), Token.DI, Token.LEQ_PR);
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
                 tok = new Token(sbuf.toString(), Token.ARG);
                 tokens.add(tok);
                 sbuf = new StringBuffer();
-                sbuf.append(Character.toString(ch));
+                sbuf.append(ch);
                 if (((i + 1) < exp.length()) && (exp.charAt(i + 1) == '=')) {
                     sbuf.append(exp.charAt(++i));
                     tok = new Token(sbuf.toString().trim(), Token.DI, Token.GEQ_PR);
diff --git a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/helper/classgen/dynamicimpl/DataTypesTestCases.java b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/helper/classgen/dynamicimpl/DataTypesTestCases.java
index c9c3bfb..9499393 100644
--- a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/helper/classgen/dynamicimpl/DataTypesTestCases.java
+++ b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/helper/classgen/dynamicimpl/DataTypesTestCases.java
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@
         Class implClass = theType.getImplClass();
         assertNotNull(implClass);
 
-        Method isMethod = implClass.getMethod("isBooleanProperty", new Class[0]);
+        Method isMethod = implClass.getMethod("isBooleanProperty");
         assertNotNull(isMethod);
-        Method getMethod = implClass.getMethod("getBooleanProperty", new Class[0]);
+        Method getMethod = implClass.getMethod("getBooleanProperty");
         assertNotNull(getMethod);
 
     }
diff --git a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/model/changesummary/ChangeSummaryVolumetricsTest.java b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/model/changesummary/ChangeSummaryVolumetricsTest.java
index d2315ca..f94e0bc 100644
--- a/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/model/changesummary/ChangeSummaryVolumetricsTest.java
+++ b/sdo/org.eclipse.persistence.sdo/src/test/java/org/eclipse/persistence/testing/sdo/model/changesummary/ChangeSummaryVolumetricsTest.java
@@ -159,12 +159,12 @@
 
         // setup object array
         for (int i = 0; i < NUM_B_LEVELS; i++) {
-            DataObject typeB_childreniDO = defineType("D_uri" + String.valueOf(i), "D" + String.valueOf(i));
+            DataObject typeB_childreniDO = defineType("D_uri" + i, "D" + i);
 
-            DataObject propDo = addProperty(typeB_childreniDO, "propertyD" + String.valueOf(i), dataObjectType);
+            DataObject propDo = addProperty(typeB_childreniDO, "propertyD" + i, dataObjectType);
             propDo.set("containment", true);
             typeB_children[i] = (SDOType)typeHelper.define(typeB_childreniDO);
-            propertyB_children[i] = (SDOProperty)typeB_children[i].getDeclaredPropertiesMap().get("propertyD" + String.valueOf(i));
+            propertyB_children[i] = (SDOProperty)typeB_children[i].getDeclaredPropertiesMap().get("propertyD" + i);
         }
 
         dataObjectB_children[0] = dataObjectB.createDataObject(propertyB, typeB_children[0]);
diff --git a/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/mtom/MTOMTestSuite.java b/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/mtom/MTOMTestSuite.java
index 81ab1a0..81c6464 100644
--- a/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/mtom/MTOMTestSuite.java
+++ b/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/mtom/MTOMTestSuite.java
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@
         portQName = new QName(MTOM_SERVICE_NAMESPACE, MTOM_PORT);
         testService = Service.create(serviceQName);
         testService.addPort(portQName, SOAP11HTTP_BINDING, ENDPOINT_ADDRESS);
-        dispatch = testService.createDispatch(portQName, SOAPMessage.class, MESSAGE, new WebServiceFeature[]{new MTOMFeature(100)});
+        dispatch = testService.createDispatch(portQName, SOAPMessage.class, MESSAGE, new MTOMFeature(100));
     }
 
     @AfterClass
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@
             MessageFactory factory = ((SOAPBinding)dispatch.getBinding()).getMessageFactory();
             DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(new ByteArrayDataSource(LOREM_IPSUM.getBytes(), "application/octet-stream"));
             for (int i = 1; i <= NUM_CREATE; i ++) {
-                dispatch = testService.createDispatch(portQName, SOAPMessage.class, MESSAGE, new WebServiceFeature[]{new MTOMFeature(100)});
+                dispatch = testService.createDispatch(portQName, SOAPMessage.class, MESSAGE, new MTOMFeature(100));
                 SOAPMessage request = factory.createMessage();
                 SOAPPart part = request.getSOAPPart();
                 DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(getDocumentBuilder().parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(SOAP_CREATE_REQUEST_ID + i + SOAP_CREATE_REQUEST_END))));
diff --git a/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/soap12/SOAP12TestSuite.java b/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/soap12/SOAP12TestSuite.java
index 2b5e440..663e7ed 100644
--- a/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/soap12/SOAP12TestSuite.java
+++ b/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/it/java/dbws/testing/soap12/SOAP12TestSuite.java
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
         testService = Service.create(serviceQName);
         testService.addPort(portQName, SOAP12HTTP_BINDING, ENDPOINT_ADDRESS);
         dispatch = testService.createDispatch(portQName, SOAPMessage.class,
-            MESSAGE, new WebServiceFeature[]{new MTOMFeature(100)});
+            MESSAGE, new MTOMFeature(100));
     }
 
     @AfterClass
diff --git a/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/dbws/oracle/ShadowDDLGenerator.java b/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/dbws/oracle/ShadowDDLGenerator.java
index f07a6eb..63078bd 100644
--- a/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/dbws/oracle/ShadowDDLGenerator.java
+++ b/utils/org.eclipse.persistence.dbws.builder/src/main/java/org/eclipse/persistence/tools/dbws/oracle/ShadowDDLGenerator.java
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@
                     long precision = pDataType.getPrecision();
                     long scale = pDataType.getScale();
                     if (precision != defaultPrecision) {
-                        shadowTypeName += LBRACKET + Long.toString(precision);
+                        shadowTypeName += LBRACKET + precision;
                         if (scale != 0) {
                             shadowTypeName += COMMA + SINGLE_SPACE + scale;
                         }