| /* | |
| * Copyright (c) 1998, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | |
| * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. | |
| * | |
| * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it | |
| * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as | |
| * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this | |
| * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided | |
| * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. | |
| * | |
| * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT | |
| * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or | |
| * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License | |
| * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that | |
| * accompanied this code). | |
| * | |
| * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version | |
| * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, | |
| * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. | |
| * | |
| * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA | |
| * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any | |
| * questions. | |
| */ | |
| /** | |
| * Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java | |
| * programming language. The most important classes are {@link | |
| * Object}, which is the root of the class hierarchy, and {@link | |
| * Class}, instances of which represent classes at run time. | |
| * | |
| * <p id=wrapperClass>Frequently it is necessary to represent a | |
| * value of primitive type as if it were an object.The <dfn>{@index | |
| * "wrapper classes"}</dfn> {@link Boolean}, {@link Byte}, {@link | |
| * Character}, {@link Short}, {@link Integer}, {@link Long}, {@link | |
| * Float}, and {@link Double} serve this purpose. An object of type | |
| * {@code Double}, for example, contains a field whose type is {@code | |
| * double}, representing that value in such a way that a reference to | |
| * it can be stored in a variable of reference type. As discussed in | |
| * <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>, the wrapper classes | |
| * are involved in boxing (JLS {@jls 5.1.7}) and unboxing (JLS {@jls | |
| * 5.1.8}) conversions. These classes provide a number of methods for | |
| * converting among primitive values, as well as methods supporting | |
| * such standard functionality as {@code equals} and {@code hashCode}. | |
| * The {@link Void} class is a non-instantiable class that holds a | |
| * reference to a {@code Class} object representing the type {@code | |
| * void}. | |
| * | |
| * <p>The class {@link Math} provides commonly used mathematical | |
| * functions such as {@linkplain Math#sin(double) sine}, {@linkplain | |
| * Math#cos(double) cosine}, and {@linkplain Math#sqrt(double) square | |
| * root}. The classes {@link String}, {@link StringBuffer}, and {@link | |
| * StringBuilder} similarly provide commonly used operations on | |
| * character strings. | |
| * | |
| * <p>Classes {@link ClassLoader}, {@link Process}, {@link ProcessBuilder}, | |
| * {@link Runtime}, and {@link System} provide "system operations" that | |
| * manage the dynamic loading of classes, creation of external processes, | |
| * and host environment inquiries such as the time of day. | |
| * | |
| * <p>Class {@link Throwable} encompasses objects that may be thrown | |
| * by the {@code throw} statement. Subclasses of {@code Throwable} | |
| * represent errors and exceptions. | |
| * | |
| * <a id="charenc"></a> | |
| * <h2>Character Encodings</h2> | |
| * | |
| * The specification of the {@link java.nio.charset.Charset | |
| * java.nio.charset.Charset} class describes the naming conventions | |
| * for character encodings as well as the set of standard encodings | |
| * that must be supported by every implementation of the Java | |
| * platform. | |
| * | |
| * @since 1.0 | |
| */ | |
| package java.lang; |