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|Logo|
tqdm
====
|Py-Versions| |Versions| |Conda-Forge-Status| |Docker| |Snapcraft|
|Build-Status| |Coverage-Status| |Branch-Coverage-Status| |Codacy-Grade| |Libraries-Rank| |PyPI-Downloads|
|LICENCE| |OpenHub-Status| |binder-demo| |awesome-python|
``tqdm`` derives from the Arabic word *taqaddum* (تقدّم) which can mean "progress,"
and is an abbreviation for "I love you so much" in Spanish (*te quiero demasiado*).
Instantly make your loops show a smart progress meter - just wrap any
iterable with ``tqdm(iterable)``, and you're done!
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
for i in tqdm(range(10000)):
...
``76%|████████████████████████        | 7568/10000 [00:33<00:10, 229.00it/s]``
``trange(N)`` can be also used as a convenient shortcut for
``tqdm(range(N))``.
|Screenshot|
|Video| |Slides| |Merch|
It can also be executed as a module with pipes:
.. code:: sh
$ seq 9999999 | tqdm --bytes | wc -l
75.2MB [00:00, 217MB/s]
9999999
$ tar -zcf - docs/ | tqdm --bytes --total `du -sb docs/ | cut -f1` \
> backup.tgz
32%|██████████▍ | 8.89G/27.9G [00:42<01:31, 223MB/s]
Overhead is low -- about 60ns per iteration (80ns with ``tqdm.gui``), and is
unit tested against performance regression.
By comparison, the well-established
`ProgressBar <https://github.com/niltonvolpato/python-progressbar>`__ has
an 800ns/iter overhead.
In addition to its low overhead, ``tqdm`` uses smart algorithms to predict
the remaining time and to skip unnecessary iteration displays, which allows
for a negligible overhead in most cases.
``tqdm`` works on any platform
(Linux, Windows, Mac, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Solaris/SunOS),
in any console or in a GUI, and is also friendly with IPython/Jupyter notebooks.
``tqdm`` does not require any dependencies (not even ``curses``!), just
Python and an environment supporting ``carriage return \r`` and
``line feed \n`` control characters.
------------------------------------------
.. contents:: Table of contents
:backlinks: top
:local:
Installation
------------
Latest PyPI stable release
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|Versions| |PyPI-Downloads| |Libraries-Dependents|
.. code:: sh
pip install tqdm
Latest development release on GitHub
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|GitHub-Status| |GitHub-Stars| |GitHub-Commits| |GitHub-Forks| |GitHub-Updated|
Pull and install pre-release ``devel`` branch:
.. code:: sh
pip install "git+https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm.git@devel#egg=tqdm"
Latest Conda release
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|Conda-Forge-Status|
.. code:: sh
conda install -c conda-forge tqdm
Latest Snapcraft release
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|Snapcraft|
There are 3 channels to choose from:
.. code:: sh
snap install tqdm # implies --stable, i.e. latest tagged release
snap install tqdm --candidate # master branch
snap install tqdm --edge # devel branch
Note that ``snap`` binaries are purely for CLI use (not ``import``-able), and
automatically set up ``bash`` tab-completion.
Latest Docker release
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|Docker|
.. code:: sh
docker pull tqdm/tqdm
docker run -i --rm tqdm/tqdm --help
Other
~~~~~
There are other (unofficial) places where ``tqdm`` may be downloaded, particularly for CLI use:
|Repology|
.. |Repology| image:: https://repology.org/badge/tiny-repos/python:tqdm.svg
:target: https://repology.org/project/python:tqdm/versions
Changelog
---------
The list of all changes is available either on GitHub's Releases:
|GitHub-Status|, on the
`wiki <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki/Releases>`__, or on the
`website <https://tqdm.github.io/releases>`__.
Usage
-----
``tqdm`` is very versatile and can be used in a number of ways.
The three main ones are given below.
Iterable-based
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Wrap ``tqdm()`` around any iterable:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
from time import sleep
text = ""
for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
sleep(0.25)
text = text + char
``trange(i)`` is a special optimised instance of ``tqdm(range(i))``:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import trange
for i in trange(100):
sleep(0.01)
Instantiation outside of the loop allows for manual control over ``tqdm()``:
.. code:: python
pbar = tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"])
for char in pbar:
sleep(0.25)
pbar.set_description("Processing %s" % char)
Manual
~~~~~~
Manual control of ``tqdm()`` updates using a ``with`` statement:
.. code:: python
with tqdm(total=100) as pbar:
for i in range(10):
sleep(0.1)
pbar.update(10)
If the optional variable ``total`` (or an iterable with ``len()``) is
provided, predictive stats are displayed.
``with`` is also optional (you can just assign ``tqdm()`` to a variable,
but in this case don't forget to ``del`` or ``close()`` at the end:
.. code:: python
pbar = tqdm(total=100)
for i in range(10):
sleep(0.1)
pbar.update(10)
pbar.close()
Module
~~~~~~
Perhaps the most wonderful use of ``tqdm`` is in a script or on the command
line. Simply inserting ``tqdm`` (or ``python -m tqdm``) between pipes will pass
through all ``stdin`` to ``stdout`` while printing progress to ``stderr``.
The example below demonstrate counting the number of lines in all Python files
in the current directory, with timing information included.
.. code:: sh
$ time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | wc -l
857365
real 0m3.458s
user 0m0.274s
sys 0m3.325s
$ time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | tqdm | wc -l
857366it [00:03, 246471.31it/s]
857365
real 0m3.585s
user 0m0.862s
sys 0m3.358s
Note that the usual arguments for ``tqdm`` can also be specified.
.. code:: sh
$ find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; |
tqdm --unit loc --unit_scale --total 857366 >> /dev/null
100%|█████████████████████████████████| 857K/857K [00:04<00:00, 246Kloc/s]
Backing up a large directory?
.. code:: sh
$ tar -zcf - docs/ | tqdm --bytes --total `du -sb docs/ | cut -f1` \
> backup.tgz
44%|██████████████▊ | 153M/352M [00:14<00:18, 11.0MB/s]
This can be beautified further:
.. code:: sh
$ BYTES="$(du -sb docs/ | cut -f1)"
$ tar -cf - docs/ \
| tqdm --bytes --total "$BYTES" --desc Processing | gzip \
| tqdm --bytes --total "$BYTES" --desc Compressed --position 1 \
> ~/backup.tgz
Processing: 100%|██████████████████████| 352M/352M [00:14<00:00, 30.2MB/s]
Compressed: 42%|█████████▎ | 148M/352M [00:14<00:19, 10.9MB/s]
Or done on a file level using 7-zip:
.. code:: sh
$ 7z a -bd -r backup.7z docs/ | grep Compressing \
| tqdm --total $(find docs/ -type f | wc -l) --unit files \
| grep -v Compressing
100%|██████████████████████████▉| 15327/15327 [01:00<00:00, 712.96files/s]
Pre-existing CLI programs already outputting basic progress information will
benefit from ``tqdm``'s ``--update`` and ``--update_to`` flags:
.. code:: sh
$ seq 3 0.1 5 | tqdm --total 5 --update_to --null
100%|████████████████████████████████████| 5.0/5 [00:00<00:00, 9673.21it/s]
$ seq 10 | tqdm --update --null # 1 + 2 + ... + 10 = 55 iterations
55it [00:00, 90006.52it/s]
FAQ and Known Issues
--------------------
|GitHub-Issues|
The most common issues relate to excessive output on multiple lines, instead
of a neat one-line progress bar.
- Consoles in general: require support for carriage return (``CR``, ``\r``).
- Nested progress bars:
* Consoles in general: require support for moving cursors up to the
previous line. For example,
`IDLE <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/191#issuecomment-230168030>`__,
`ConEmu <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/254>`__ and
`PyCharm <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/203>`__ (also
`here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/208>`__,
`here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/307>`__, and
`here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/454#issuecomment-335416815>`__)
lack full support.
* Windows: additionally may require the Python module ``colorama``
to ensure nested bars stay within their respective lines.
- Unicode:
* Environments which report that they support unicode will have solid smooth
progressbars. The fallback is an ``ascii``-only bar.
* Windows consoles often only partially support unicode and thus
`often require explicit ascii=True <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/454#issuecomment-335416815>`__
(also `here <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/499>`__). This is due to
either normal-width unicode characters being incorrectly displayed as
"wide", or some unicode characters not rendering.
- Wrapping generators:
* Generator wrapper functions tend to hide the length of iterables.
``tqdm`` does not.
* Replace ``tqdm(enumerate(...))`` with ``enumerate(tqdm(...))`` or
``tqdm(enumerate(x), total=len(x), ...)``.
The same applies to ``numpy.ndenumerate``.
* Replace ``tqdm(zip(a, b))`` with ``zip(tqdm(a), b)`` or even
``zip(tqdm(a), tqdm(b))``.
* The same applies to ``itertools``.
* Some useful convenience functions can be found under ``tqdm.contrib``.
- `Hanging pipes in python2 <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/359>`__:
when using ``tqdm`` on the CLI, you may need to use Python 3.5+ for correct
buffering.
- `No intermediate output in docker-compose <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/771>`__:
use ``docker-compose run`` instead of ``docker-compose up`` and ``tty: true``.
If you come across any other difficulties, browse and file |GitHub-Issues|.
Documentation
-------------
|Py-Versions| |README-Hits| (Since 19 May 2016)
.. code:: python
class tqdm():
"""
Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly
like the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating
progressbar every time a value is requested.
"""
def __init__(self, iterable=None, desc=None, total=None, leave=True,
file=None, ncols=None, mininterval=0.1,
maxinterval=10.0, miniters=None, ascii=None, disable=False,
unit='it', unit_scale=False, dynamic_ncols=False,
smoothing=0.3, bar_format=None, initial=0, position=None,
postfix=None, unit_divisor=1000):
Parameters
~~~~~~~~~~
* iterable : iterable, optional
Iterable to decorate with a progressbar.
Leave blank to manually manage the updates.
* desc : str, optional
Prefix for the progressbar.
* total : int or float, optional
The number of expected iterations. If unspecified,
len(iterable) is used if possible. If float("inf") or as a last
resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed
(no ETA, no progressbar).
If ``gui`` is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating,
specify an initial arbitrary large positive number,
e.g. 9e9.
* leave : bool, optional
If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar
upon termination of iteration.
If ``None``, will leave only if ``position`` is ``0``.
* file : ``io.TextIOWrapper`` or ``io.StringIO``, optional
Specifies where to output the progress messages
(default: sys.stderr). Uses ``file.write(str)`` and ``file.flush()``
methods. For encoding, see ``write_bytes``.
* ncols : int, optional
The width of the entire output message. If specified,
dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound.
If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The
fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and
statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats).
* mininterval : float, optional
Minimum progress display update interval [default: 0.1] seconds.
* maxinterval : float, optional
Maximum progress display update interval [default: 10] seconds.
Automatically adjusts ``miniters`` to correspond to ``mininterval``
after long display update lag. Only works if ``dynamic_miniters``
or monitor thread is enabled.
* miniters : int or float, optional
Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations.
If 0 and ``dynamic_miniters``, will automatically adjust to equal
``mininterval`` (more CPU efficient, good for tight loops).
If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations.
Tweak this and ``mininterval`` to get very efficient loops.
If your progress is erratic with both fast and slow iterations
(network, skipping items, etc) you should set miniters=1.
* ascii : bool or str, optional
If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill
the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters " 123456789#".
* disable : bool, optional
Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper
[default: False]. If set to None, disable on non-TTY.
* unit : str, optional
String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration
[default: it].
* unit_scale : bool or int or float, optional
If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled
automatically and a metric prefix following the
International System of Units standard will be added
(kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero
number, will scale ``total`` and ``n``.
* dynamic_ncols : bool, optional
If set, constantly alters ``ncols`` and ``nrows`` to the
environment (allowing for window resizes) [default: False].
* smoothing : float, optional
Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates
(ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1
(current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3].
* bar_format : str, optional
Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance.
[default: '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}'], where
l_bar='{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|' and
r_bar='| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, '
'{rate_fmt}{postfix}]'
Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt,
percentage, elapsed, elapsed_s, ncols, nrows, desc, unit,
rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt,
rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, postfix, unit_divisor,
remaining, remaining_s, eta.
Note that a trailing ": " is automatically removed after {desc}
if the latter is empty.
* initial : int or float, optional
The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress
bar [default: 0]. If using float, consider specifying ``{n:.3f}``
or similar in ``bar_format``, or specifying ``unit_scale``.
* position : int, optional
Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0)
Automatic if unspecified.
Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads).
* postfix : dict or ``*``, optional
Specify additional stats to display at the end of the bar.
Calls ``set_postfix(**postfix)`` if possible (dict).
* unit_divisor : float, optional
[default: 1000], ignored unless ``unit_scale`` is True.
* write_bytes : bool, optional
If (default: None) and ``file`` is unspecified,
bytes will be written in Python 2. If ``True`` will also write
bytes. In all other cases will default to unicode.
* lock_args : tuple, optional
Passed to ``refresh`` for intermediate output
(initialisation, iterating, and updating).
* nrows : int, optional
The screen height. If specified, hides nested bars outside this
bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment height.
The fallback is 20.
* colour : str, optional
Bar colour (e.g. 'green', '#00ff00').
* delay : float, optional
Don't display until [default: 0] seconds have elapsed.
Extra CLI Options
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
* delim : chr, optional
Delimiting character [default: '\n']. Use '\0' for null.
N.B.: on Windows systems, Python converts '\n' to '\r\n'.
* buf_size : int, optional
String buffer size in bytes [default: 256]
used when ``delim`` is specified.
* bytes : bool, optional
If true, will count bytes, ignore ``delim``, and default
``unit_scale`` to True, ``unit_divisor`` to 1024, and ``unit`` to 'B'.
* tee : bool, optional
If true, passes ``stdin`` to both ``stderr`` and ``stdout``.
* update : bool, optional
If true, will treat input as newly elapsed iterations,
i.e. numbers to pass to ``update()``. Note that this is slow
(~2e5 it/s) since every input must be decoded as a number.
* update_to : bool, optional
If true, will treat input as total elapsed iterations,
i.e. numbers to assign to ``self.n``. Note that this is slow
(~2e5 it/s) since every input must be decoded as a number.
* null : bool, optional
If true, will discard input (no stdout).
* manpath : str, optional
Directory in which to install tqdm man pages.
* comppath : str, optional
Directory in which to place tqdm completion.
* log : str, optional
CRITICAL|FATAL|ERROR|WARN(ING)|[default: 'INFO']|DEBUG|NOTSET.
Returns
~~~~~~~
* out : decorated iterator.
.. code:: python
class tqdm():
def update(self, n=1):
"""
Manually update the progress bar, useful for streams
such as reading files.
E.g.:
>>> t = tqdm(total=filesize) # Initialise
>>> for current_buffer in stream:
... ...
... t.update(len(current_buffer))
>>> t.close()
The last line is highly recommended, but possibly not necessary if
``t.update()`` will be called in such a way that ``filesize`` will be
exactly reached and printed.
Parameters
----------
n : int or float, optional
Increment to add to the internal counter of iterations
[default: 1]. If using float, consider specifying ``{n:.3f}``
or similar in ``bar_format``, or specifying ``unit_scale``.
Returns
-------
out : bool or None
True if a ``display()`` was triggered.
"""
def close(self):
"""Cleanup and (if leave=False) close the progressbar."""
def clear(self, nomove=False):
"""Clear current bar display."""
def refresh(self):
"""
Force refresh the display of this bar.
Parameters
----------
nolock : bool, optional
If ``True``, does not lock.
If [default: ``False``]: calls ``acquire()`` on internal lock.
lock_args : tuple, optional
Passed to internal lock's ``acquire()``.
If specified, will only ``display()`` if ``acquire()`` returns ``True``.
"""
def unpause(self):
"""Restart tqdm timer from last print time."""
def reset(self, total=None):
"""
Resets to 0 iterations for repeated use.
Consider combining with ``leave=True``.
Parameters
----------
total : int or float, optional. Total to use for the new bar.
"""
def set_description(self, desc=None, refresh=True):
"""
Set/modify description of the progress bar.
Parameters
----------
desc : str, optional
refresh : bool, optional
Forces refresh [default: True].
"""
def set_postfix(self, ordered_dict=None, refresh=True, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""
Set/modify postfix (additional stats)
with automatic formatting based on datatype.
Parameters
----------
ordered_dict : dict or OrderedDict, optional
refresh : bool, optional
Forces refresh [default: True].
kwargs : dict, optional
"""
@classmethod
def write(cls, s, file=sys.stdout, end="\n"):
"""Print a message via tqdm (without overlap with bars)."""
@property
def format_dict(self):
"""Public API for read-only member access."""
def display(self, msg=None, pos=None):
"""
Use ``self.sp`` to display ``msg`` in the specified ``pos``.
Consider overloading this function when inheriting to use e.g.:
``self.some_frontend(**self.format_dict)`` instead of ``self.sp``.
Parameters
----------
msg : str, optional. What to display (default: ``repr(self)``).
pos : int, optional. Position to ``moveto``
(default: ``abs(self.pos)``).
"""
@classmethod
@contextmanager
def wrapattr(cls, stream, method, total=None, bytes=True, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""
stream : file-like object.
method : str, "read" or "write". The result of ``read()`` and
the first argument of ``write()`` should have a ``len()``.
>>> with tqdm.wrapattr(file_obj, "read", total=file_obj.size) as fobj:
... while True:
... chunk = fobj.read(chunk_size)
... if not chunk:
... break
"""
@classmethod
def pandas(cls, *targs, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Registers the current `tqdm` class with `pandas`."""
def trange(*args, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""
A shortcut for `tqdm(xrange(*args), **tqdm_kwargs)`.
On Python3+, `range` is used instead of `xrange`.
"""
Convenience Functions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. code:: python
def tqdm.contrib.tenumerate(iterable, start=0, total=None,
tqdm_class=tqdm.auto.tqdm, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Equivalent of `numpy.ndenumerate` or builtin `enumerate`."""
def tqdm.contrib.tzip(iter1, *iter2plus, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Equivalent of builtin `zip`."""
def tqdm.contrib.tmap(function, *sequences, **tqdm_kwargs):
"""Equivalent of builtin `map`."""
Submodules
~~~~~~~~~~
.. code:: python
class tqdm.notebook.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""IPython/Jupyter Notebook widget."""
class tqdm.auto.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Automatically chooses beween `tqdm.notebook` and `tqdm.tqdm`."""
class tqdm.asyncio.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Asynchronous version."""
@classmethod
def as_completed(cls, fs, *, loop=None, timeout=None, total=None,
**tqdm_kwargs):
"""Wrapper for `asyncio.as_completed`."""
class tqdm.gui.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Matplotlib GUI version."""
class tqdm.tk.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""Tkinter GUI version."""
class tqdm.rich.tqdm(tqdm.tqdm):
"""`rich.progress` version."""
class tqdm.keras.TqdmCallback(keras.callbacks.Callback):
"""Keras callback for epoch and batch progress."""
class tqdm.dask.TqdmCallback(dask.callbacks.Callback):
"""Dask callback for task progress."""
``contrib``
+++++++++++
The ``tqdm.contrib`` package also contains experimental modules:
- ``tqdm.contrib.itertools``: Thin wrappers around ``itertools``
- ``tqdm.contrib.concurrent``: Thin wrappers around ``concurrent.futures``
- ``tqdm.contrib.slack``: Posts to `Slack <https://slack.com>`__ bots
- ``tqdm.contrib.discord``: Posts to `Discord <https://discord.com>`__ bots
- ``tqdm.contrib.telegram``: Posts to `Telegram <https://telegram.org>`__ bots
- ``tqdm.contrib.bells``: Automagically enables all optional features
* ``auto``, ``pandas``, ``slack``, ``discord``, ``telegram``
Examples and Advanced Usage
---------------------------
- See the `examples <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/tree/master/examples>`__
folder;
- import the module and run ``help()``;
- consult the `wiki <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki>`__;
* this has an
`excellent article <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki/How-to-make-a-great-Progress-Bar>`__
on how to make a **great** progressbar;
- check out the `slides from PyData London <https://tqdm.github.io/PyData2019/slides.html>`__, or
- run the |binder-demo|.
Description and additional stats
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Custom information can be displayed and updated dynamically on ``tqdm`` bars
with the ``desc`` and ``postfix`` arguments:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from random import random, randint
from time import sleep
with trange(10) as t:
for i in t:
# Description will be displayed on the left
t.set_description('GEN %i' % i)
# Postfix will be displayed on the right,
# formatted automatically based on argument's datatype
t.set_postfix(loss=random(), gen=randint(1,999), str='h',
lst=[1, 2])
sleep(0.1)
with tqdm(total=10, bar_format="{postfix[0]} {postfix[1][value]:>8.2g}",
postfix=["Batch", dict(value=0)]) as t:
for i in range(10):
sleep(0.1)
t.postfix[1]["value"] = i / 2
t.update()
Points to remember when using ``{postfix[...]}`` in the ``bar_format`` string:
- ``postfix`` also needs to be passed as an initial argument in a compatible
format, and
- ``postfix`` will be auto-converted to a string if it is a ``dict``-like
object. To prevent this behaviour, insert an extra item into the dictionary
where the key is not a string.
Additional ``bar_format`` parameters may also be defined by overriding
``format_dict``, and the bar itself may be modified using ``ascii``:
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
class TqdmExtraFormat(tqdm):
"""Provides a `total_time` format parameter"""
@property
def format_dict(self):
d = super(TqdmExtraFormat, self).format_dict
total_time = d["elapsed"] * (d["total"] or 0) / max(d["n"], 1)
d.update(total_time=self.format_interval(total_time) + " in total")
return d
for i in TqdmExtraFormat(
range(9), ascii=" .oO0",
bar_format="{total_time}: {percentage:.0f}%|{bar}{r_bar}"):
if i == 4:
break
.. code::
00:00 in total: 44%|0000. | 4/9 [00:00<00:00, 962.93it/s]
Note that ``{bar}`` also supports a format specifier ``[width][type]``.
- ``width``
* unspecified (default): automatic to fill ``ncols``
* ``int >= 0``: fixed width overriding ``ncols`` logic
* ``int < 0``: subtract from the automatic default
- ``type``
* ``a``: ascii (``ascii=True`` override)
* ``u``: unicode (``ascii=False`` override)
* ``b``: blank (``ascii=" "`` override)
This means a fixed bar with right-justified text may be created by using:
``bar_format="{l_bar}{bar:10}|{bar:-10b}right-justified"``
Nested progress bars
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``tqdm`` supports nested progress bars. Here's an example:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import trange
from time import sleep
for i in trange(4, desc='1st loop'):
for j in trange(5, desc='2nd loop'):
for k in trange(50, desc='3rd loop', leave=False):
sleep(0.01)
For manual control over positioning (e.g. for multi-processing use),
you may specify ``position=n`` where ``n=0`` for the outermost bar,
``n=1`` for the next, and so on.
However, it's best to check if ``tqdm`` can work without manual ``position``
first.
.. code:: python
from time import sleep
from tqdm import trange, tqdm
from multiprocessing import Pool, RLock, freeze_support
L = list(range(9))
def progresser(n):
interval = 0.001 / (n + 2)
total = 5000
text = "#{}, est. {:<04.2}s".format(n, interval * total)
for _ in trange(total, desc=text, position=n):
sleep(interval)
if __name__ == '__main__':
freeze_support() # for Windows support
tqdm.set_lock(RLock()) # for managing output contention
p = Pool(initializer=tqdm.set_lock, initargs=(tqdm.get_lock(),))
p.map(progresser, L)
Note that in Python 3, ``tqdm.write`` is thread-safe:
.. code:: python
from time import sleep
from tqdm import tqdm, trange
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
L = list(range(9))
def progresser(n):
interval = 0.001 / (n + 2)
total = 5000
text = "#{}, est. {:<04.2}s".format(n, interval * total)
for _ in trange(total, desc=text):
sleep(interval)
if n == 6:
tqdm.write("n == 6 completed.")
tqdm.write("`tqdm.write()` is thread-safe in py3!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
with ThreadPoolExecutor() as p:
p.map(progresser, L)
Hooks and callbacks
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``tqdm`` can easily support callbacks/hooks and manual updates.
Here's an example with ``urllib``:
**``urllib.urlretrieve`` documentation**
| [...]
| If present, the hook function will be called once
| on establishment of the network connection and once after each block read
| thereafter. The hook will be passed three arguments; a count of blocks
| transferred so far, a block size in bytes, and the total size of the file.
| [...]
.. code:: python
import urllib, os
from tqdm import tqdm
urllib = getattr(urllib, 'request', urllib)
class TqdmUpTo(tqdm):
"""Provides `update_to(n)` which uses `tqdm.update(delta_n)`."""
def update_to(self, b=1, bsize=1, tsize=None):
"""
b : int, optional
Number of blocks transferred so far [default: 1].
bsize : int, optional
Size of each block (in tqdm units) [default: 1].
tsize : int, optional
Total size (in tqdm units). If [default: None] remains unchanged.
"""
if tsize is not None:
self.total = tsize
return self.update(b * bsize - self.n) # also sets self.n = b * bsize
eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
with TqdmUpTo(unit='B', unit_scale=True, unit_divisor=1024, miniters=1,
desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1]) as t: # all optional kwargs
urllib.urlretrieve(eg_link, filename=os.devnull,
reporthook=t.update_to, data=None)
t.total = t.n
Inspired by `twine#242 <https://github.com/pypa/twine/pull/242>`__.
Functional alternative in
`examples/tqdm_wget.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/examples/tqdm_wget.py>`__.
It is recommend to use ``miniters=1`` whenever there is potentially
large differences in iteration speed (e.g. downloading a file over
a patchy connection).
**Wrapping read/write methods**
To measure throughput through a file-like object's ``read`` or ``write``
methods, use ``CallbackIOWrapper``:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import tqdm
from tqdm.utils import CallbackIOWrapper
with tqdm(total=file_obj.size,
unit='B', unit_scale=True, unit_divisor=1024) as t:
fobj = CallbackIOWrapper(t.update, file_obj, "read")
while True:
chunk = fobj.read(chunk_size)
if not chunk:
break
t.reset()
# ... continue to use `t` for something else
Alternatively, use the even simpler ``wrapattr`` convenience function,
which would condense both the ``urllib`` and ``CallbackIOWrapper`` examples
down to:
.. code:: python
import urllib, os
from tqdm import tqdm
eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
response = getattr(urllib, 'request', urllib).urlopen(eg_link)
with tqdm.wrapattr(open(os.devnull, "wb"), "write",
miniters=1, desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1],
total=getattr(response, 'length', None)) as fout:
for chunk in response:
fout.write(chunk)
The ``requests`` equivalent is nearly identical:
.. code:: python
import requests, os
from tqdm import tqdm
eg_link = "https://caspersci.uk.to/matryoshka.zip"
response = requests.get(eg_link, stream=True)
with tqdm.wrapattr(open(os.devnull, "wb"), "write",
miniters=1, desc=eg_link.split('/')[-1],
total=int(response.headers.get('content-length', 0))) as fout:
for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=4096):
fout.write(chunk)
**Custom callback**
``tqdm`` is known for intelligently skipping unnecessary displays. To make a
custom callback take advantage of this, simply use the return value of
``update()``. This is set to ``True`` if a ``display()`` was triggered.
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import tqdm as std_tqdm
def external_callback(*args, **kwargs):
...
class TqdmExt(std_tqdm):
def update(self, n=1):
displayed = super(TqdmExt, self).update(n)
if displayed:
external_callback(**self.format_dict)
return displayed
``asyncio``
~~~~~~~~~~~
Note that ``break`` isn't currently caught by asynchronous iterators.
This means that ``tqdm`` cannot clean up after itself in this case:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm
async for i in tqdm(range(9)):
if i == 2:
break
Instead, either call ``pbar.close()`` manually or use the context manager syntax:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.asyncio import tqdm
with tqdm(range(9)) as pbar:
async for i in pbar:
if i == 2:
break
Pandas Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Due to popular demand we've added support for ``pandas`` -- here's an example
for ``DataFrame.progress_apply`` and ``DataFrameGroupBy.progress_apply``:
.. code:: python
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from tqdm import tqdm
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0, 100, (100000, 6)))
# Register `pandas.progress_apply` and `pandas.Series.map_apply` with `tqdm`
# (can use `tqdm.gui.tqdm`, `tqdm.notebook.tqdm`, optional kwargs, etc.)
tqdm.pandas(desc="my bar!")
# Now you can use `progress_apply` instead of `apply`
# and `progress_map` instead of `map`
df.progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)
# can also groupby:
# df.groupby(0).progress_apply(lambda x: x**2)
In case you're interested in how this works (and how to modify it for your
own callbacks), see the
`examples <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/tree/master/examples>`__
folder or import the module and run ``help()``.
Keras Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A ``keras`` callback is also available:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback
...
model.fit(..., verbose=0, callbacks=[TqdmCallback()])
Dask Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A ``dask`` callback is also available:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.dask import TqdmCallback
with TqdmCallback(desc="compute"):
...
arr.compute()
# or use callback globally
cb = TqdmCallback(desc="global")
cb.register()
arr.compute()
IPython/Jupyter Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
IPython/Jupyter is supported via the ``tqdm.notebook`` submodule:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.notebook import trange, tqdm
from time import sleep
for i in trange(3, desc='1st loop'):
for j in tqdm(range(100), desc='2nd loop'):
sleep(0.01)
In addition to ``tqdm`` features, the submodule provides a native Jupyter
widget (compatible with IPython v1-v4 and Jupyter), fully working nested bars
and colour hints (blue: normal, green: completed, red: error/interrupt,
light blue: no ETA); as demonstrated below.
|Screenshot-Jupyter1|
|Screenshot-Jupyter2|
|Screenshot-Jupyter3|
The ``notebook`` version supports percentage or pixels for overall width
(e.g.: ``ncols='100%'`` or ``ncols='480px'``).
It is also possible to let ``tqdm`` automatically choose between
console or notebook versions by using the ``autonotebook`` submodule:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.autonotebook import tqdm
tqdm.pandas()
Note that this will issue a ``TqdmExperimentalWarning`` if run in a notebook
since it is not meant to be possible to distinguish between ``jupyter notebook``
and ``jupyter console``. Use ``auto`` instead of ``autonotebook`` to suppress
this warning.
Note that notebooks will display the bar in the cell where it was created.
This may be a different cell from the one where it is used.
If this is not desired, either
- delay the creation of the bar to the cell where it must be displayed, or
- create the bar with ``display=False``, and in a later cell call
``display(bar.container)``:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
pbar = tqdm(..., display=False)
.. code:: python
# different cell
display(pbar.container)
The ``keras`` callback has a ``display()`` method which can be used likewise:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.keras import TqdmCallback
cbk = TqdmCallback(display=False)
.. code:: python
# different cell
cbk.display()
model.fit(..., verbose=0, callbacks=[cbk])
Another possibility is to have a single bar (near the top of the notebook)
which is constantly re-used (using ``reset()`` rather than ``close()``).
For this reason, the notebook version (unlike the CLI version) does not
automatically call ``close()`` upon ``Exception``.
.. code:: python
from tqdm.notebook import tqdm
pbar = tqdm()
.. code:: python
# different cell
iterable = range(100)
pbar.reset(total=len(iterable)) # initialise with new `total`
for i in iterable:
pbar.update()
pbar.refresh() # force print final status but don't `close()`
Custom Integration
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To change the default arguments (such as making ``dynamic_ncols=True``),
simply use built-in Python magic:
.. code:: python
from functools import partial
from tqdm import tqdm as std_tqdm
tqdm = partial(std_tqdm, dynamic_ncols=True)
For further customisation,
``tqdm`` may be inherited from to create custom callbacks (as with the
``TqdmUpTo`` example `above <#hooks-and-callbacks>`__) or for custom frontends
(e.g. GUIs such as notebook or plotting packages). In the latter case:
1. ``def __init__()`` to call ``super().__init__(..., gui=True)`` to disable
terminal ``status_printer`` creation.
2. Redefine: ``close()``, ``clear()``, ``display()``.
Consider overloading ``display()`` to use e.g.
``self.frontend(**self.format_dict)`` instead of ``self.sp(repr(self))``.
Some submodule examples of inheritance:
- `tqdm/notebook.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/notebook.py>`__
- `tqdm/gui.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/gui.py>`__
- `tqdm/tk.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/tk.py>`__
- `tqdm/contrib/slack.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/contrib/slack.py>`__
- `tqdm/contrib/discord.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/contrib/discord.py>`__
- `tqdm/contrib/telegram.py <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/tqdm/contrib/telegram.py>`__
Dynamic Monitor/Meter
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
You can use a ``tqdm`` as a meter which is not monotonically increasing.
This could be because ``n`` decreases (e.g. a CPU usage monitor) or ``total``
changes.
One example would be recursively searching for files. The ``total`` is the
number of objects found so far, while ``n`` is the number of those objects which
are files (rather than folders):
.. code:: python
from tqdm import tqdm
import os.path
def find_files_recursively(path, show_progress=True):
files = []
# total=1 assumes `path` is a file
t = tqdm(total=1, unit="file", disable=not show_progress)
if not os.path.exists(path):
raise IOError("Cannot find:" + path)
def append_found_file(f):
files.append(f)
t.update()
def list_found_dir(path):
"""returns os.listdir(path) assuming os.path.isdir(path)"""
listing = os.listdir(path)
# subtract 1 since a "file" we found was actually this directory
t.total += len(listing) - 1
# fancy way to give info without forcing a refresh
t.set_postfix(dir=path[-10:], refresh=False)
t.update(0) # may trigger a refresh
return listing
def recursively_search(path):
if os.path.isdir(path):
for f in list_found_dir(path):
recursively_search(os.path.join(path, f))
else:
append_found_file(path)
recursively_search(path)
t.set_postfix(dir=path)
t.close()
return files
Using ``update(0)`` is a handy way to let ``tqdm`` decide when to trigger a
display refresh to avoid console spamming.
Writing messages
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This is a work in progress (see
`#737 <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/issues/737>`__).
Since ``tqdm`` uses a simple printing mechanism to display progress bars,
you should not write any message in the terminal using ``print()`` while
a progressbar is open.
To write messages in the terminal without any collision with ``tqdm`` bar
display, a ``.write()`` method is provided:
.. code:: python
from tqdm.auto import tqdm, trange
from time import sleep
bar = trange(10)
for i in bar:
# Print using tqdm class method .write()
sleep(0.1)
if not (i % 3):
tqdm.write("Done task %i" % i)
# Can also use bar.write()
By default, this will print to standard output ``sys.stdout``. but you can
specify any file-like object using the ``file`` argument. For example, this
can be used to redirect the messages writing to a log file or class.
Redirecting writing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
If using a library that can print messages to the console, editing the library
by replacing ``print()`` with ``tqdm.write()`` may not be desirable.
In that case, redirecting ``sys.stdout`` to ``tqdm.write()`` is an option.
To redirect ``sys.stdout``, create a file-like class that will write
any input string to ``tqdm.write()``, and supply the arguments
``file=sys.stdout, dynamic_ncols=True``.
A reusable canonical example is given below:
.. code:: python
from time import sleep
import contextlib
import sys
from tqdm import tqdm
from tqdm.contrib import DummyTqdmFile
@contextlib.contextmanager
def std_out_err_redirect_tqdm():
orig_out_err = sys.stdout, sys.stderr
try:
sys.stdout, sys.stderr = map(DummyTqdmFile, orig_out_err)
yield orig_out_err[0]
# Relay exceptions
except Exception as exc:
raise exc
# Always restore sys.stdout/err if necessary
finally:
sys.stdout, sys.stderr = orig_out_err
def some_fun(i):
print("Fee, fi, fo,".split()[i])
# Redirect stdout to tqdm.write() (don't forget the `as save_stdout`)
with std_out_err_redirect_tqdm() as orig_stdout:
# tqdm needs the original stdout
# and dynamic_ncols=True to autodetect console width
for i in tqdm(range(3), file=orig_stdout, dynamic_ncols=True):
sleep(.5)
some_fun(i)
# After the `with`, printing is restored
print("Done!")
Redirecting ``logging``
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Similar to ``sys.stdout``/``sys.stderr`` as detailed above, console ``logging``
may also be redirected to ``tqdm.write()``.
Warning: if also redirecting ``sys.stdout``/``sys.stderr``, make sure to
redirect ``logging`` first if needed.
Helper methods are available in ``tqdm.contrib.logging``. For example:
.. code:: python
import logging
from tqdm import trange
from tqdm.contrib.logging import logging_redirect_tqdm
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
if __name__ == '__main__':
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
with logging_redirect_tqdm():
for i in trange(9):
if i == 4:
LOG.info("console logging redirected to `tqdm.write()`")
# logging restored
Monitoring thread, intervals and miniters
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
``tqdm`` implements a few tricks to increase efficiency and reduce overhead.
- Avoid unnecessary frequent bar refreshing: ``mininterval`` defines how long
to wait between each refresh. ``tqdm`` always gets updated in the background,
but it will display only every ``mininterval``.
- Reduce number of calls to check system clock/time.
- ``mininterval`` is more intuitive to configure than ``miniters``.
A clever adjustment system ``dynamic_miniters`` will automatically adjust
``miniters`` to the amount of iterations that fit into time ``mininterval``.
Essentially, ``tqdm`` will check if it's time to print without actually
checking time. This behaviour can be still be bypassed by manually setting
``miniters``.
However, consider a case with a combination of fast and slow iterations.
After a few fast iterations, ``dynamic_miniters`` will set ``miniters`` to a
large number. When iteration rate subsequently slows, ``miniters`` will
remain large and thus reduce display update frequency. To address this:
- ``maxinterval`` defines the maximum time between display refreshes.
A concurrent monitoring thread checks for overdue updates and forces one
where necessary.
The monitoring thread should not have a noticeable overhead, and guarantees
updates at least every 10 seconds by default.
This value can be directly changed by setting the ``monitor_interval`` of
any ``tqdm`` instance (i.e. ``t = tqdm.tqdm(...); t.monitor_interval = 2``).
The monitor thread may be disabled application-wide by setting
``tqdm.tqdm.monitor_interval = 0`` before instantiation of any ``tqdm`` bar.
Merch
-----
You can buy `tqdm branded merch <https://tqdm.github.io/merch>`__ now!
Contributions
-------------
|GitHub-Commits| |GitHub-Issues| |GitHub-PRs| |OpenHub-Status| |GitHub-Contributions| |CII Best Practices|
All source code is hosted on `GitHub <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm>`__.
Contributions are welcome.
See the
`CONTRIBUTING <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md>`__
file for more information.
Developers who have made significant contributions, ranked by *SLoC*
(surviving lines of code,
`git fame <https://github.com/casperdcl/git-fame>`__ ``-wMC --excl '\.(png|gif|jpg)$'``),
are:
==================== ======================================================== ==== ================================
Name ID SLoC Notes
==================== ======================================================== ==== ================================
Casper da Costa-Luis `casperdcl <https://github.com/casperdcl>`__ ~78% primary maintainer |Gift-Casper|
Stephen Larroque `lrq3000 <https://github.com/lrq3000>`__ ~10% team member
Martin Zugnoni `martinzugnoni <https://github.com/martinzugnoni>`__ ~4%
Daniel Ecer `de-code <https://github.com/de-code>`__ ~2%
Richard Sheridan `richardsheridan <https://github.com/richardsheridan>`__ ~1%
Guangshuo Chen `chengs <https://github.com/chengs>`__ ~1%
Kyle Altendorf `altendky <https://github.com/altendky>`__ <1%
Matthew Stevens `mjstevens777 <https://github.com/mjstevens777>`__ <1%
Hadrien Mary `hadim <https://github.com/hadim>`__ <1% team member
Noam Yorav-Raphael `noamraph <https://github.com/noamraph>`__ <1% original author
Mikhail Korobov `kmike <https://github.com/kmike>`__ <1% team member
==================== ======================================================== ==== ================================
Ports to Other Languages
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
A list is available on
`this wiki page <https://github.com/tqdm/tqdm/wiki/tqdm-ports>`__.
LICENCE
-------
Open Source (OSI approved): |LICENCE|
Citation information: |DOI|
|README-Hits| (Since 19 May 2016)
.. |Logo| image:: https://img.tqdm.ml/logo.gif
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.. |Docker| image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/docker-pull-blue.svg?logo=docker&logoColor=white
:target: https://hub.docker.com/r/tqdm/tqdm
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